Adult

January February, March 1991

Please Give Us the Tools

And we will do the job!

01,

What sometimes appears to be politically disruptive to a country,

often turns out for the good of people and the growth of the church.

Prior to the change of government in Fiji in May 1987, it appeared

as if the Indian population on these beautiful South Pacific islands

was very indifferent to the Christian faith. However, the tide

turning.

In recent outreach initiatives to Fiji's Indian population of about

400,000 people, a new wave of receptivity has been detected. Every

evangelistic outreach program is now also yielding some favourable

response from the Hindi-speaking Indian community.

The Central Pacific Union Mission wants to take advantage of this

new receptivity among the Indian population by establishing a Hindi

Evangelistic Centre in Fiji. The present number of only about

200

Hindi-speaking Adventists in Fiji will be vastly increased by such a

project.

A second project to benefit from this quarter's Thirteenth Sabbath

Offering will be a day high school in Suva, Fiji. Such a facility is badly

needed. When our youth graduate from primary school, there is no

Adventist high school for them to attend. Over 500 young people

need such a facility.

Please give generously this

Thirteenth

Sabbath and all quarter

long so that these two important projects can be achieved.

Contents

God Hears the Prayer of Faith

Reverence for the Holy

God's Rule or Human Rule?

God Chooses the Leaders

of His People

The Road to Rebellion

How God Prepares a Leader

A Hunted Fugitive and a Mad King

How One Is Lost

God Prospers the Righteous

10.

The Eternal Throne of David

11.

Sin and Its Consequences

12.

Crisis Reveals Character

13.

Overshadowing Providence

The Adult Sabbath School Lessons are prepared by the Department of Church Ministries of the General

Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. The preparation of the lessons is under the general direction of a

worldwide Sabbath School Lesson Committee, the members of which serve as consulting editors. The

published lesson quarterly reflects the input of the committee and thus does not solely or necessarily repre-

sent the intent of the authors.

Editorial Office:

Principal Contributor:

Editor:

Assistant Editor:

Pacific Press Editor:

Marketing:

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Art and Design:

Cover Illustration:

12501 Old Columbia Pike

Silver Spring, MD 20904

Rosalie Haffner Lee

Erwin R. Gane

Charlotte Ishkanian

Lincoln E. Steed

Bob Gorton

Shirley Sayers

Pacific Press

John Steel

Bible Versions Table

Scripture references other than from the King James Version quoted by permission in this quarterly are

as follows:

NASB. From

The New American Standard Bible,

1975. Used by permission.

NEB. From

The New English Bible,

the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, 1961, 1970. Used by permission.

NIV. From

The New Mternational Version,

Used by permission.

NKJV. From

The Holy Bible, New King James Version,

son, Inc. Used by permission.

RSV. From the

Revised Standard Version

Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, and is used by permis-

sion.

TEV. From the

Good News Bible,

Used by permission.

TLV. From

The Living Bible,

Ill. Used by permission.

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

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Meet the Principal Contributor of

This Quarter's Lessons

Rosalie Haffner Lee trains and supervises Bible instructors in the Carolina

Conference. Working as a Bible instructor and a pastor's wife has been the focus

of her career.

Mrs. Lee received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Union College, and

served as Bible instructor in California, Nebraska, and Michigan. She was an in-

structor for the North American Division Evangelism Institute in Illinois before

accepting the position in the Carolina Conference.

Mrs. Lee has written a previous set of Sabbath School lessons,

Songs of Ex-

perience,

on the Psalms, and authored a book entitled

Let Me Tell You About My

God.

In addition she has written for several Adventist publications.

Cooking, writing, and bird-watching occupy Mrs. Lee's leisure moments. Her

husband, Kenneth, is a retired pastor.

Check at your local Adventist Book Center

for the companion book to the Sabbath

School Lessons.

Introduction to the

Books of Samuel

A plaque in a mother's kitchen reads, "Lord, help us through the changes in

our lives." We human beings do not take well to changes. We resist them, we

resent them, and sometimes we reject them.

The stories we will consider during this series are about changes in the lives

of God's people, and how they related to them. The period between the judges

and the early monarchy covered in the books of Samuel were times of transition

and change, times of political unrest and conflict in Israel and in the surrounding

nations. The twelve tribes, initially bound together in a sort of loose confederacy,

had no central government. "In those days there was no king in Israel: everyone

did what was right in his own eyes" (Judges 21:25, NKJV). With the emergence

of the kingship, adaptation and adjustment did not always take place smoothly.

Serious conflicts had to be resolved, sometimes with tragic consequences.

The narratives in Samuel not only describe one crisis after another in Israel but

they reveal individual people in crisis, men and women like ourselves—Hannah,

Eli, Samuel, Saul, and David. Thus the books of Samuel deal with the same kind

of challenges that continue to face us some thirty centuries later: the challenge of

trusting versus distrusting God; the challenge of divine will versus human inclina-

tion; the challenge of human relationships and sometimes untamed emotions; the

challenge of spiritual leadership versus the prostitution of sacred office.

First and Second Samuel appear as one book in the ancient Hebrew

manuscripts. Samuel could not have authored all of the book bearing his name,

because he died before the end of the first book. Yet the entire story stands as the

"lengthened shadow" of the prophet who established the prophetic office and be-

came the spiritual mentor of Israel's first two kings.

Finally, the stories in this book reveal much about our God: His patience and

mercy in dealing with perverse human nature; His holy and righteous character,

which cannot and will not tolerate evil; His insistence on obedience from the heart

resulting from a personal relationship with Him. He sought not mere outward or

formal compliance, but a faith that internalizes His law in the heart and

demonstrates it in the life, a faith that acknowledges sin, accepts forgiveness, and

forsakes sin.

It is that kind of faith in the face of change, crisis, and challenge that is so

much needed in the lives of God's people today. These lessons have been written

for our admonition to help us develop a deeper and stronger faith as we prepare

for the final changes, crises, and challenges of this earth's history.

OVERVIEW OF 1 AND 2 SAMUEL

1 Samuel 1:1-7:17

1 Samuel 8:1-31:13

2 Samuel 1:1-24:25

The judgeship of

Samuel

The reign of

Saul

The reign of

David

Lesson

December 30—January 5

God Hears the Prayer

of Faith

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 1:1-3:21.

MEMORY TEXT: "Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie

down: and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt say, Speak,

Lord; for thy servant heareth" (1 Samuel 3:9).

GOD CALLS PEOPLE

to follow His purposes and plans. Because they

respond in different ways to His plans for them, the outcome of their lives

is different. God's way leads to His healing salvation; the way of the evil

one leads to destruction.

OUTLINE:

A Mother's Faith (1 Sam. 1:1-2:10).

II.

A Father's Failure (1 Sam. 2:12-17, 22-36).

III.

Samuel's Call (1 Sam. 2:11, 18-20; 3:1-21).

WHEN TIMES ARE TOUGH.

The various ways in which people re-

spond to God's call are illustrated in this week's lesson by the experiences

of Hannah, Eli, Eli's sons, and Samuel. The choices made by these in-

dividuals had consequences that affected the lives of all Israel.

The voices of Moses and Joshua had long since been silenced by death.

During the turbulent period of the judges (spanning some four centuries)

Israel was a loose-knit nation of tribal groups who found themselves facing

a world of political unrest and constant threat of invading enemies. Weak

leadership marked the era for the most part. Corruption in high places dis-

couraged the saints and disgusted the indifferent.

Even more serious was the lack of prophetic revelation from God.

"The

word of the Lord was rare in those days" (1 Sam. 3:1, NKJV). "Everyone

did what was right in his own eyes" (Judges 17:6, NKJV).

In every era God wants to communicate with His people.

Even in

times of greatest unrest and darkness He chooses men and women to shine

as lights for Him. This is as true in our age as it was in the time of Samuel.

We determine the effectiveness of our relationship with God, often lim-

iting its effectiveness by our faulty responses.

The Lord called a humble but dedicated woman to give birth to and

train one of the greatest prophets and reformers in Israel's history. And He

called Eli to the exalted position of priest and pastor of His people. Eli's

response illustrates the weakness of human nature and demonstrates how

men whom God calls can thwart God's plans for them.

SAB

God Hears the Prayer of Faith



January 5

I. A MOTHER'S FAITH (1 Sam. 1:1-2:10).

Read the opening story in 1 Samuel 1:1-18. What can be learned

from this introduction about the following?

Elkanah and his family (vs. 2-5)



Moral conditions in Israel (vs. 13, 14)



Religious life in Israel (vs. 3-5)



The name

Elkanah

means "God has redeemed" or "God has created."

Elkanah was a Levite and a descendant of Korah. (See 1 Chron. 6:16, 27,

33, 34.) Because he lived with his wives, Hannah and Peninnah, in the hill

country of Ephraim, he was called an Ephraimite. Elkanah, a Levite,

should have been serving at the Tabernacle in Shiloh, but "irregularities"

in the Eli family of priests made his service there unnecessary. (See

Patri-

archs and Prophets,

p. 569.) He must have been a man of influence, be-

cause only the wealthy could afford two wives. "The desire to perpetuate

his name led the husband—as it had led many others—to contract a second

marriage. But this step, prompted by a lack of faith in God, did not bring

happiness."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 569. (Compare Gen. 16:1-3.)

Disregard for God's ideal for marriage, for whatever reasons, can bring

only unhappiness and discontent. Peninnah, like Hagar, "bore herself with

pride and insolence."

How did Hannah respond to the constant harassment by her rival?

What does this reveal about Hannah's character? 1 Sam. 1:10, 11.

Prayer is a powerful weapon.

Hannah must have been in the habit of

earnest supplication to God, but her request on this occasion was especially

urgent. Her appeal reached the ears of a loving heavenly Father. Her faith

had triumphed over despair!

What does Eli's response to Hannah's praying suggest regarding

the social conditions in Israel at that time? 1 Sam. 1:12-16.

"Feasting revelry had well-nigh supplanted true godliness among the

people of Israel. Instances of intemperance, even among women, were of

frequent occurrence, and now Eli determined to administer what he con-

sidered a deserved rebuke."—Ellen G. White Comments,

SDA Bible Corn-

mentary,

vol. 2, p. 1008.

Using the chart on page 8, compare the similarities and contrasts

between the birth and early childhood of Samuel with that of Sam-

son, John the Baptist, and Jesus:

Lesson 1



January 5

Samuel

Samson

John the Baptist

Jesus

Luke 1:5-7,

13, 15, 66, 80

Luke 1:30-34;

2:40, 52

1 Sam. 1:20;



Judges 13:1-5,

2:21, 26



MON

5. In what ways did Hannah show her faith after Samuel was born?

1 Sam. 1:19-28.

Hannah demonstrated her faith by the very name she gave her son:

"Asked of the Lord," a name that would serve as a constant reminder to

him of his dedication from birth. "I asked him for this child, and he gave

me what I asked for. So I am dedicating him to the Lord. As long as he

lives, he will belong to the Lord" (1 Sam. 1:27, 28, TEV).

Imagine what mixed emotions must have surged through her mother

heart as she brought Samuel to Shiloh to dedicate him to the Lord forever;

joy at being able to bring such a beautiful gift to God, pain at having to

part with her precious child, and apprehension at leaving him exposed to

Eli's evil sons.

Compare Hannah's song of thanksgiving at the birth of Samuel

with the song of praise by another mother in Israel, centuries

later. Luke 1:46-55.

"The humble round of duties which women have come to regard as a

wearisome task should be looked upon as a grand and noble work. It is the

mother's privilege to bless the world by her influence, and in doing this

she will bring joy to her own heart. She may make straight paths for the

feet of her children, through sunshine and shadow, to the glorious heights

above."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 572.

Questions we should face. How do we react when the Lord requires us

to wait for some good thing for which we have prayed? Do we cling by

faith to Him even though our prayer is not answered in the way we desire?

Do we remember the Lord when our petition is granted? What experience

of answered prayer can you share with others?

II. A FATHER'S FAILURE (1 Sam. 2:12-17, 22-36).

List some of the regulations of the Levitical code that Eli's sons

were violating. 1 Sam. 2:12-17. (Compare Lev. 7:23-36;

Patriarchs

and Prophets,

p. 576.)

God Hears the Prayer of Faith



January 5

An understanding of God's holy nature and character was to be taught

by the manner in which the priests carried out the services of the taber-

nacle as given in the Levitical code, Israel's guidebook for worship. Every

detail of the service portrayed some aspect of God's great plan of redemp-

tion. Every violation of the sacred service marred its significance and

weakened the message it conveyed, bringing contempt upon divine things.

111 8. Who had the greater responsibility for these sins, Eli's sons, or Eli

himself? Why? 1 Sam. 2:22-29.

Eli was a good man, but his weakness in not restraining his sons, and

worse, in permitting them to continue serving as priests, brought disgrace

to God's work for years to come. Eventually his family line ceased to func-

tion as priests. However, the father's failure in no way excuses the sons.

We each have individual responsiblity for our sins.

The responsibility of parents and pastors.

"We are just as re-

sponsible for evils that we might have checked in others by exercise of

parental or pastoral authority as if the acts had been our own. . . . The in-

fluence of an ill-regulated family is widespread and disastrous to all

society. It accumulates in a tide of evil that affects families, communities,

and

governments."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 578, 579.

What spiritual truth did the unknown prophet remind Eli would

be fulfilled regarding his family? 1 Sam. 2:30-36.

" 'Those who honor me I will honor, but those who despise me will be

disdained' " (1 Sam. 2:30, NIV) is no arbitrary judgment on God's part,

but a great law of life. We reap what we sow. To despise God's order is to

invite destruction. "Do not trifle with the sacred privileges of God's

house! They will condemn where they do not uplift."—F.

Meyer,

Bible

Commentary

(Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House, 1984), p. 118.

The responsibility of spiritual leadership is awesome.

While we must

remember that those in sacred office are fallible human beings with feet of

clay like our own, yet the fact that they have been called by God to per-

form His work places upon them great privilege and high accountability.

How can the world believe the reality of the Christian message if it is not

demonstrated in the lives of those who proclaim it?

"Great as are the evils of parental unfaithfulness under any circum-

stances, they are tenfold greater when they exist in the families of those ap-

pointed as teachers of the

people."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 579.

10.

God promised to raise up a faithful priest, one whom He could

trust, one who would not disappoint the people or dishonor Him.

Who fulfilled this prophecy? 1 Sam. 2:35 (compare 1 Sam. 3:19-

21).

Lesson 1



January 5

Of this prophecy, "some scholars think it refers to Zadok, . . . Others

think it refers to Christ, and still others feel the prophecy is fulfilled in

Samuel and his work. But the important lesson of this statement is to be

found in the fact that man cannot prevent the final accomplishment of

God's desire to restore His own image in the heart of man."—SDA

Bible

Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 464.

Ask yourself,

Am I an Eli, in the home, the school, or the church? If so,

how can I change so that my responsibilities will be fulfilled in the manner

that God approves?

WED

III. SAMUEL'S CALL (1 Sam. 2:11, 18-20; 3:1-21).

11.

What might have been some of Samuel's duties in his ministry as

a boy priest? 1 Sam. 2:11, 18-20. (Compare 1 Sam. 3:15 and

Patriarchs and Prophets

pp. 573, 574.)

The usual age for young men entering the priesthood was 25, but an ex-

ception was made for Samuel. Early in life he began wearing the linen

ephod as a token of his dedication to the service of God. But his duties

matched his age and abilities: Opening the doors of the tabernacle every

morning, emptying the ashes from the altar, trimming the golden lamp-

stands. Whatever the duties, he performed them faithfully. All the while he

was training for higher responsibilities. No duty is unimportant when done

to the glory of God.

12.

Why was the word of the Lord rare in the days of the judges, the

time into which Samuel was born? When will such circumstances

be repeated? Judges 6:1; Amos 8:11, 12.

The book of Judges reveals a dark and shocking period of Israel's his-

tory. Shameful violence, gross immorality, brazen idolatry, and national

apostasy pervaded the nation like a thick cloud. Samuel was to be the

"morning star" of their reformation.

God will not tolerate evil.

Judgment must come, but before His judg-

ments were to fall on the wicked sons of Eli He already was preparing a

deliverer through whom His grace and His power to save would be re-

vealed.

13.

Review the story of Samuel's call from the Lord by completing

the following:

When did the call come? 1 Sam. 3:2-4



How did Samuel respond? 1 Sam. 3:5-8



God Hears the Prayer of Faith



January 5

Who interpreted the call of God to Samuel? 1 Sam. 3:9



The seven golden lamps were to be kept burning constantly, and

trimmed every morning and evening. "Before dawn, while the lamp was

still burning" (1 Sam. 3:3, TEV) Samuel awakened to a voice calling his

name. Thinking that Eli had called him, Samuel hastened to his side. The

third time this happened Eli realized that the call was from God. He in-

structed Samuel how to answer. Because Samuel had never before had a

direct encounter with God, he needed the aged priest's affirmation that it

was indeed the voice of God that spoke to him.

God's call confirmed by the church.

The voice that called young

Samuel to the prophetic office was the same voice that later called Saul of

Tarsus on the road to Damascus. Saul's call then was confirmed by the

church through Ananias. (See Acts 9:10-15.) David, when called and

anointed by Samuel to be king over Israel, waited many years until the na-

tion confirmed that call with a coronation.

Samuel answered God's call, but waited for God to lead him into the

fulfillment of the prophetic office.

14.

If you had been in Samuel's place, how would you have re-

sponded to the unpleasant task of revealing to your superior the

message given by God (1 Sam. 3:11-18)?

We are to give God's message faithfully.

"As we see the fulfillment

of prophecy, our faith in the final triumph of Christ's kingdom should

strengthen; and we should go forth with renewed courage to do our ap-

pointed work.

"The solemn, sacred message of warning must be proclaimed in the

most difficult fields and in the most sinful cities, in every place where the

light of the great threefold gospel message has not yet

dawned."—Gospel

Workers,

pp. 26, 27.

15.

What does Eli's response to Samuel's message tell us about his

attitude? Would it have been too late at this point for Eli or his

sons to repent? 1 Sam. 3:18.

"Eli did not manifest the fruits of true repentance. He confessed his

guilt, but failed to renounce the sin. Year after year the Lord delayed His

threatened judgments. Much might have been done in those years to re-

deem the failures of the past, but the aged priest took no effective measures

to correct the evils that were polluting the sanctuary of the Lord and lead-

ing thousands in Israel to

ruin."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 582.

16.

Though exposed to the same environment, Eli's sons chose op-

posite paths to those Samuel chose. What factors made the dif-

ference in Samuel's spiritual growth and development?

Lesson 1



January 5

17. What do these words mean: "The Lord was with him and let

none of his words fall to the ground" (1 Sam. 3:19, NKJV)?

"As Samuel grew up, the Lord was with him, and made come true

everything that Samuel said. So all the people of Israel, from one end of

the country to the other, knew that Samuel was indeed a prophet of the

Lord. The Lord continued to reveal himself at Shiloh, where he had ap-

peared to Samuel and had spoken to him. And when Samuel spoke, all

Israel listened" (1 Sam. 3:19-21, TEV).

HOW DOES THIS APPLY TO ME?

How do I respond to the call of

God when He asks me to do something for Him? I can cooperate with the

Lord and the church in fulfilling the divine call in the ways that follow:

FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION:

Read "The Child Samuel"

and "Eli and His Sons" in

Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 569-580. If avail-

able, read the

SDA Bible Commentary

on 1 Samuel 1-3. Read the entire

text for today's lesson in several modem translations if possible.

SUMMARY:

In the same way that God called Samuel to the prophetic of-

fice, He calls each of us to fellowship with Himself and to service to His

church and the world. When God calls me by name, am I ready to respond,

"Speak, Lord, for Your servant hears"?

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Lesson

January 6-12

Reverence for the Holy

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 4:1-7:14.

SAB

MEMORY TEXT: "And I will dwell among the children of Is-

rael, and will be their God. And they shall know that I am the

Lord their God, that brought them forth out of the land of

Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the Lord their God"

(Exodus 29:45, 46).

RESPECT FOR GOD'S PRESENCE.

We are blessed as we show love

and reverence for God in our homes, our schools, our hospitals, and our

churches. Israel and her enemies perverted the use of the visible symbols

of the divine Presence and thereby lost the blessing.

OUTLINE:

Israel's Error (1 Sam. 4:1-22).

II.

The Philistine's Offense (1 Sam. 5:1-6:21).

III.

From Defeat to Victory (1 Sam. 7:1-14).

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ARK.

Though the people of Israel "knew

that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the Lord" (1 Sam. 3:20),

spiritual life in the nation was at a low ebb. The evil influence of Eli's sons

in the sanctuary at Shiloh had brought the sacred services into public con-

tempt. Even the neighboring nations, knowing of the scandal, became

bolder in their idolatry and crime. "But a day of retribution was approach-

ing. God's authority had been set aside, and His worship neglected and

despised, and it became necessary for Him to interpose, that the honor of

His name might be

maintained.

-Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 583.

The ark of the covenant was the symbol of God's presence.

It was

the focal point of the sanctuary services. God had given careful instruction

regarding the building and handling of this sacred chest. (See Ex. 25:10-

16.) But the people of Israel, their senses dulled by sin and influenced by

Eli's sons, had borrowed some of the pagan ideas of their idolatrous neigh-

bors. They regarded the ark as an object of worship. How God brought

them through tragedy, defeat, and finally to revival and victory is the sub-

ject we will study this week.

I. ISRAEL'S ERROR (1 Sam. 4:1-22).

1. Why was Israel defeated by the Philistines when they went out to

battle against them (1 Sam. 4:1,

2)?

Deut. 20:1-4 (compare 7:18-

21).

Reverence for the Holy



January 12

"This expedition was undertaken by the Israelites without counsel from

God, without the concurrence of high priest or

prophet."—Patriarchs and

Prophets,

p. 583. God had promised to fight Israel's battles for her. He

knew that even at best the people would be no match for the powerful ene-

mies they would meet. At this point in time the tribes of Israel were a

loosely knit, poorly organized confederacy with virtually no equipment to

match the military might of their troublesome enemy. The Philistines, on

the other hand, were well organized, and superior in military know-how

and sheer numbers. Their monopoly of the use of iron weapons and their

four-wheeled wooden ox-carts made them a formidable enemy.

To their credit, the elders of Israel recognized that their disastrous

defeat was the result of not allowing the Lord to guide them. In trying to

make amends they made matters worse by calling for the ark to be taken

into battle with them.

On what basis did the Israelites make this decision? 1 Sam. 4:3-6

(compare Joshua 6:1-16). What fallacy prompted this action?

1 Sam. 4:7, 8.

The only record of the ark accompanying the Israelites to battle was

under the leadership of Joshua in the taking of Jericho. At that time, they

did so under the specific supervision and instruction of God.

Possibly the Philistines' fish god, Dagon, accompanied the wily ene-

mies of Israel to the battlefront. Perhaps the influence of such pagan cus-

toms led the Israelites to believe that the ark would somehow ensure God's

presence with them. The elders decided to take the ark into battle without

securing divine permission.

The Israelites' presumption.

"They did not consider that it was the

law of God which alone gave to the ark its sacredness, and that its presence

would bring them prosperity only as they obeyed that law. . . .

"The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, eagerly acceded to the pro-

posal to bear the ark into the camp. Without the consent of the high priest,

they ventured presumptuously into the holy of holies, and took from thence

the ark of God. Filled with pride, and elated with the expectation of speedy

victory, they bore it to the camp. And the people, beholding, as they

thought, the token of Jehovah's presence, 'shouted with a great shout, so

that the earth rang again.' "—Ellen G. White Comments,

SDA Bible Com-

mentary,

vol. 2, p. 1011.

Under what circumstances was the Lord enthroned above the ark

of the covenant? Ex. 25:8, 21, 22; 29:45, 46.

Israelites, like their enemies, had come to look upon the ark as a kind of

good-luck charm, if not a god. The ark was sacred because, when it was

placed in the Most Holy apartment of the sanctuary, it was the place where

the person of God was manifested. Nature testifies to God's glory, but na-

Lesson 2



January 12

ture is not God. So the ark testified to God's presence in the sanctuary, but

the ark was not God. This great truth distinguished Israel's God and

Israel's religion from false gods and false religions.

4. What lessons can we learn from the tragic events that followed?

1 Sam. 4:9-21.

"The most terrifying calamity that could occur had befallen Israel. . . .

The wife of Phinehas, notwithstanding the impiety of her husband, was a

woman who feared the Lord. . . . She felt that the last hope of Israel was

gone; and she named the child born in this hour of adversity, Ichabod, or

`inglorious': . . . 'The glory is departed from Israel: for the ark of God is

taken.'

"—Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 584, 585.

What is true reverence?

Israel assumed that God was with them be-

cause they honored the symbol of His presence. In what ways do we some-

times make the same mistake?

II. THE PHILISTINES' OFFENSE (1 Sam. 5:1-6:21).

Read 1 Samuel 5 for the account of the Philistines' experience with

the sacred ark. Note how God cared for the ark and, despite the

failure of His people, defended His own honor:

Verse 3



Verse 4



Verse 6



Verse 9



Verses 11, 12



An opportunity lost.

Think of the missionary impact this experience

could have had on the idolatrous Philistines. Notice the advice of the

priests and diviners who suggested they "give glory unto the God of

Israel" (1 Sam. 6:5).

What might have happened if the Philistines had been sincere in

this acknowledgement of the true God? 1 Sam. 6:1-12.

"These wise men acknowledged a mysterious power accompanying the

ark. . . . Yet they did not counsel the people to turn from their idolatry to

serve the Lord. They still hated the God of Israel, though compelled by

overwhelming judgments to submit to His

authority."—Patriarchs and

Prophets,

p. 587.

Reverence for the Holy



January 12

iii

7. Why were the Israelites of Beth-shemesh not better prepared than

the Philistines to have the ark among them? 1 Sam. 6:13-21.

Notice the reasons pointed out in

Patriarchs and Prophets,

page 589:

•

The worshipers failed to repent of their sins.

•

They were not faithfully obeying God's law.

•

They looked at the return of the ark as a harbinger of good, but had

no true sense of its sacredness.

•

Instead of finding a suitable place for it, they left it in the harvest

field where it had arrived.

•

They became familiar with it, then curious to see its contents, and fi-

nally emboldened to remove the sacred coverings. Only the high priest was

permitted to behold the ark, and that once a year. (See Heb. 9:7; Lev. 16:2,

29-31.) Even the Philistines had not dared to open it. The Israelites' sin

was a daring violation of God's command to honor the ark with reverence

and awe.

What are the results of irreverence in the church today? What does

Israel's experience teach us regarding the sacredness of the symbols of

God's presence? How would you suggest that irreverence in God's

house should be corrected?

III. FROM DEFEAT TO VICTORY (1 Sam. 7:1-14).

8. Where did the ark finally find a safe resting place? 1 Sam. 7:1, 2.

Apparently the people of Beth-shemesh, including the Levites among

them, did not repent of their sin, but appealed to the men of Kirjath-jearim

to take the ark. "With solemn gladness they brought it to their city and

placed it in the house of Abinadab, a Levite. This man appointed his son

Eleazar to take charge of it, and it remained there for many years."—

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 589.

Archeological evidence supports the idea that Shiloh most likely was

destroyed by the Philistines during the battle of Aphek. There is no more

mention of it in the book of Samuel. (See Ps. 78:60-64.) Nob became the

home of the sanctuary during the reign of Saul. (See 1 Sam. 22:19.) The

ark remained in the house of Abinadab for twenty years until the time of

David's reign.

WED

9. What was it likely that Samuel was doing during the twenty-year

period after Israel's terrible defeat? What relationship existed

between Israel and the Philistines? 1 Sam. 7:3.

Samuel must have carried a heavy burden on his heart for his wayward

people. Imagine him walking the dusty roads of his country, from village

Lesson 2



January 12

to village, from home to home, pleading for the people to return to God,

warning them, and praying with and for them.

While there evidently was no deportation of Israelites to Philistia, they

were subject to the Philistines, paying tribute, and serving them in various

ways. Social and business relationships brought them into constant contact

with Philistines. While the Israelites hated being in bondage to them, they

came to love their ways, accepting their customs, their gods, and their

evils.

The strange gods they adopted included the female deity, Ashtaroth, who

was the consort of both the Philistine fish god, Dagon, and the Canaanite

Baal. "Her worship usually consisted of lewd orgies, fostered many times

by leading women who became her devotees and were known as 'sacred

women,' or temple prostitutes."—SDA

Bible Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 480.

10.

When the Israelites began to turn their hearts to the Lord, what

course did Samuel specify that they must take as evidence of their

repentance? 1 Sam. 7:3, 4.

The psalmist declared: "With my whole heart I have sought You; Oh,

let me not wander from Your commandments!" "I have inclined my heart

to perform Your statutes" (Ps. 119:10, 112, NKJV). Seeking God with the

whole heart involves turning to Him in obedience to His commands, re-

penting of sins, and turning away from habits, attitudes, idols, or whatever

separates us from Him. This leads to genuine revival.

"He who searches the heart, desires to win His people from every spe-

cies of idolatry. . . .

that you would search your hearts as with a lighted

candle, and discover and break the finest thread that binds you to worldly

habits, which divert the mind from

God."—Selected Messages,

book 2, p.

318.

11.

Compare Samuel's appeal to the people to "return unto the Lord.

with all your hearts," with the following: 1 Kings 8:46-50; Isa.

55:6, 7. What do these references tell us about our God?

"All the paternal love which has come down from generation to genera-

tion through the channel of human hearts, all the springs of tenderness

which have opened in the souls of men, are but as a tiny rill to the bound-

less ocean when compared with the infinite, exhaustless love of God.

Tongue cannot utter it; pen cannot portray it. . . . Eternity itself can never

fully reveal

it."—Testimonies, vol.

5, p. 740.

"There is need today of such a revival of true heart religion as was ex-

perienced by ancient

Israel."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 590.

12.

What was the Philistines' reaction to Israel's revival? 1 Sam. 7:5-

7. Do you see any parallels in this experience to that of

our church today? Rev. 12:10-12.

Reverence for the Holy



January 12

"The lords of the Philistines recognized this to be tantamount to a dec-

laration of independence, . . . The Philistines attacked with such speed that

the Israelites, assembled from various parts of the country with peaceful

intentions, were compelled to meet them, unprepared for warfare. The only

way out was through prayer."—SDA

Bible Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 482.

The enemy of our souls is not too concerned about us as long as he

thinks he has us in his grip. But when revival comes to us and he sees we

are in earnest about breaking our ties with him, he attacks speedily and

fiercely.

13.

Compare Israel's response to the Philistine threat this time with

their reaction 20 years earlier. Compare the results of this battle

with the earlier one. What made the difference? 1 Sam. 7:8-10;

1 Sam. 4:1-3.

What a change from the overconfident, self-reliant people of twenty

years earlier, now humbled and totally surrendered to the Lord, plead-

ing, " 'Do not cease to cry out to the Lord our God for us' " (1 Sam.

7:8, NKJV). What a difference the prophet's prayers made! How easily

God defeated their enemies when they relied on Him to fight their

battles for them! "For nations as well as for individuals, the path of

obedience to God is the path of safety and

happiness."—Patriarchs and

Prophets,

p. 591.

14.

How did Israel celebrate God's intervention in their behalf?

What were the long-range results of their victory? 1 Sam. 7:12-

14.

" 'Hitherto hath the Lord helped us,' and He will help us to the end.

1 Samuel 7:12. Let us look to the monumental pillars, reminders of what

the Lord has done to comfort us and to save us from the hand of the de-

stroyer. Let us keep fresh in our memory all the tender mercies that God

has shown us, . . . thus strengthening ourselves for all that is before us

through the remainder of our pilgrimage."—Steps

to Christ,

p. 125.

WHERE IS MY ALLEGIANCE?

Do I place more emphasis on the

symbols of religion than on the presence of God in my life? Check the

suggestions below which you consider to be the best solutions to this prob-

lem.



Do away with religious symbols, such as churches, religious art

and music, the communion service, baptism.



Invent new religious symbols that will be more spiritually mean-

ingful to me.

Constantly remind myself that religious symbols have no real sig-

nificance apart from the spiritual relationship with God that they represent.

Invite Christ to come into my heart, to take over the direction of

my life, and trust Him for guidance and protection.

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Lesson 2

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January 12

FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION:

Read "The Ark Taken by

the Philistines" in

Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 581-591. Study a good

map of ancient Palestine to become familiar with the places of today's les-

son and the topography of the land. If you have a Bible dictionary, look up

further information on the Philistines.

SUMMARY:

God entrusted His people Israel with the sacred ark of the

covenant, containing His holy law. He revealed His presence above the

ark, where He made known His will. But when Israel treated the ark as a

god instead of a symbol of His presence, and when they regarded it as

commonplace, He withdrew His favor. When we engage in religious ac-

tivities and enter into worship services without the presence of Christ in

our hearts, we expose ourselves to the same risk of spiritual and eternal

loss that many experienced in ancient Israel.

Is Christ the center of your financial life?

Remember the South Pacific Division this quarter.

Lesson

January 13-19

God's Rule or Human

Rule?

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 7:15-8:22.

MEMORY TEXT: "And the Lord said unto Samuel, Hearken

unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for

they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I

should not reign over them" (1 Samuel 8:7).

IGNORING DIVINE GUIDANCE HAS TRAGIC CONSEQUEN-

CES.

When God's people ignore His counsel and insist on having their

own way, the Lord sometimes acknowledges their choice, obliging them to

live with the consequences.

OUTLINE:

Samuel's Ministry; Schools of the Prophets (1 Sam. 7:15-17).

II.

"We Want a King" (1 Sam. 8:1-9).

III.

Dangers of a Monarchy (1 Sam. 8:9-22).

PROPHETS SPEAK FOR GOD.

From earliest Bible times God chose

men and women to speak for Him. Abraham was called a prophet.

(See Gen. 20:7.) Moses enjoyed a relationship with God that went beyond

that of prophets in general. (See Num. 12:6-8.) Samuel's ministry marked

a new era. He was the first to establish the prophetic office. As founder

and president of the schools of the prophets, he trained young men to assist

him in his teaching ministry and in shepherding his people Israel.

What a disappointment to him, then, to find the people dissatisfied with

the system of prophet-judge under the kingship of God! They clamored for

a king, so that they might be "like the other nations." Samuel knew that

the entire future history of Israel was at stake in this decision.

God treats His children as intelligent, rational creatures. He warns them

of dangers and appeals for them to accept His plans, but then He allows

them freedom of choice. This understanding of God's dealing with humans

is well illustrated in today's lesson.

I. SAMUEL'S MINISTRY; SCHOOLS OF THE PROPHETS

(1 Sam. 7:15-17).

1. What three major offices did Samuel hold as leader of God's

people? 1 Sam. 3:20; 7:9, 15-17.

SAB

Lesson 3



January 19

Samuel's work and ministry marked a transition period in Israel's his-

tory. He was the last of the judges, and the first of the official prophets. He

also served as a Levitical priest in the absence of the sanctuary services,

which had been discontinued with the destruction of the tabernacle at

Shiloh. God used Samuel to set up a new form of government at this per-

ilous time in Israel's history.

2. What other important work occupied Samuel's energies? 1 Sam.

19:20.

Samuel was the founder and president of the schools of the prophets.

(See

Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 593, 663.) He gathered companies of

dedicated young men, known as "sons of the prophets," to these schools

to train them as leaders and teachers of the oracles of God. The term

Nai-

oth in Ramah

(1 Sam. 19:18, 19) refers to "a place 'in Ramah,' where

Samuel and the 'sons of the prophets' dwelt, and where David stayed for

some time while hiding from Saul (1 Sa 19:18, 19, 22, 23; 20:1). Some

have suggested that the Hebrew term may mean 'dwelling,' in the sense of

a 'dormitory' in which prophets lived."—SDA

Bible Dictionary,

revised

edition, p. 776.

The schools of the prophets were located at Ramah and Kirjath-jearim.

Later under the ministry of Elijah and Elisha there were others at Jericho,

Bethel, and Gilgal.

"The 'sons of the prophets'

were not necessarily direct recipients of

the prophetic gift, but were divinely called, as are gospel ministers today,

to instruct the people in the will and ways of God. The schools of the

prophets were a powerful force to restrain the tide of evil that often

threatened to submerge the Hebrew people in a flood of idolatry, material-

ism, and injustice, and provided a barrier against the fast-spreading wave

of corruption."—SDA

Bible Dictionary,

revised edition, p. 903.

3. Study the following facts about the schools of the prophets as out-

lined by Ellen White, and supported by other Bible scholars. (See

Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 592-602.) Do you see any parallels to

the pattern God has given His modern-day church for education?

Purpose of the schools:

To supplement the educational process provided by the home and

parents, especially for those who desired to search deeper into spiritual

truth.

To serve as a barrier against widespread corruption.

To provide for the moral and spiritual welfare of youth.

To promote the future prosperity of the nation by "furnishing it with

men qualified to act in the fear of

God."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 593.

Course of Study:

The law of God as given through Moses.

Sacred history.

God's Rule or Human Rule?



January 19

Sacred music and poetry.

Practical training in the vocations such as tilling the soil and me-

chanical skills.

The cultivation of personal piety and devotion.

Learning was experiential, not merely academic.

"A spirit of devo-

tion was cherished. Not only were students taught the duty of prayer, but

they were taught how to pray, how to approach their Creator, how to exer-

cise faith in Him, and how to understand and obey the teachings of His

Spirit. Sanctified intellects brought forth from the treasure house of God

things new and old, and the Spirit of God was manifested in prophecy and

sacred

song."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 594.

What major differences do you see between the kind of education

given in the schools of the prophets and that usually given in schools

and colleges today? Where are your children being trained? Why is

Christian education so important?

II. "WE WANT A KING" (1 Sam. 8:1-9).

What specific circumstances prompted the elders in Israel to ask

Samuel to give them a king? 1 Sam. 8:1-5.

"It was with the full assent of the nation that Samuel had appointed his

sons to office; but they did not prove themselves worthy of their father's

choice. . . . The sons of the prophet had not heeded the precepts which he

had sought to impress upon their minds. . . . The warning given to Eli had

not exerted the influence upon the mind of Samuel that it should have

done. He had been to some extent too indulgent with his sons, and the re-

sult was apparent in their character and life. . . . Had the evil course of his

sons been known to him, he would have removed them without delay; but

this was not what the petitioners

desired."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

604.

What was the real reason for Israel's wanting a king? 1 Sam. 8:20.

This was not the first time Israel had thought of having a king. In the

days of the judges, some of the men of Israel tried to make Gideon their

king. (See Judges 8:22, 23.) Later the men of Shechem made Abimelech,

Gideon's son, their king for a time. (See Judges 9:1-6.)

Israel's government during the period of the judges was a rather loose-

knit confederacy of the twelve tribes. Politically, it was a time of turmoil

when Israel was often subject to defeat. The judgeship system seemed to

have failed. The arguments of the elders for combining the tribes into a

monarchy for stronger military defense, and for continuity of leadership

sounded logical from a human viewpoint.

The real issue was not in Israel's system of government but in her

MON

Lesson 3



January 19

failure to obey God's laws. The future history of Israel and Judah would

prove all too tragically that a monarchy would be no more effective than

the spirituality and integrity of the king on the throne.

The elders seemed to forget that if the priest's sons could be vile, and

the prophet's sons dishonest, the king's sons might also be corrupt.

Moreover, in a monarchy it would be most difficult to change leaders.

What was Samuel's response to this request? What did he do?

1 Sam. 8:6.

What would you have done?

Put yourself in Samuel's place. Try to

imagine your own emotional reaction to this situation. Have you ever been

in a similar circumstance? How did you react? Did you remember to pray?

The Real Problem.

"Samuel saw that their real motive was discontent

and pride, and that their demand was the result of a deliberate and deter-

mined purpose. No complaint had been made against Samuel. All

acknowledged the integrity and wisdom of his administration; but the aged

prophet looked upon the request as a censure upon himself, and a direct ef-

fort to set him aside. He did not, however, reveal his feelings; he uttered no

reproach, but carried the matter to the Lord in prayer, and sought counsel

from Him

alone."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 604, 605.

What was God's response? 1 Sam. 8:7. Read the texts below and

list other instances in Israel's history when God agreed to let His

people have their own way, even though it was not in their best in-

terest.

Num. 11:4-6, 18-20, 31-34



Num. 13:30-33; 14:22-24



God said, in effect, "Don't feel bad, Samuel; this is the way they've

been treating Me 'since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even

unto this day' " (1 Sam. 8:8).

"How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and grieved

him in the desert! Again and again they tried God's patience and provoked

the Holy One of Israel" (Ps. 78:40, 41, NEB).

What have been the results in your life when God has allowed you

to have your own way regarding something that you knew in your

heart was not His will for you?

III. DANGERS OF A MONARCHY (1 Sam. 8:9-22).

Before giving the people their request, what warning was Samuel

instructed to deliver? 1 Sam. 8:9-18.

God's Rule or Human Rule?



January 19

Contrast the excuses Israel gave for wanting a king with the warn-

ings God gave against having one:

Why Israel Wanted a King:

1 Sam. 8:5, 20.

Why God Said It Was Not Best:

1 Sam. 8:11-17

Discontent with Samuel's sons.

Misuse of power over subjects.

Wanted to be like the nations.

King would demand best

(Compare Lev. 18:2-4.)

resources to enrich himself.

Wanted a king to judge them.

High taxes to support a

(Compare Deut. 17:8-13.)

monarchy.

Wanted a king to fight their

Conscription to military would

battles.



(Compare Deut. 20:4;

take their sons. Oppression

7:18-21; 9:3.)

of the people was likely. God

promised to fight for them.

10.

Study the following examples of the fulfillment of these predic-

tions in the reigns of some of the kings of Israel and Judah:

•

High taxes: 1 Kings 10:25.

•

Service for the king: 1 Kings 10:25, 26.

•

Best of the land: 1 Kings 21:1-16.

•

Oppression of the people: 1 Kings 12:1-14.

•

Military conscription: 1 Chron. 21:1-4, 7.

WED

11. What lay at the root of Israel's problem throughout history?

What lessons can I learn for myself and my church? Compare

Deut. 1:30-32; Ps. 78:17, 22.

Israel's failure to trust God in simple belief is seen by the psalmist as

rebellion. Their insistence on a king was an outright refusal to trust God's

promises of deliverance from their enemies.

12.

God foresaw that Israel would want a king. What guidelines did

He give to Moses in the event that happened? Deut. 17:14-20.

"Though a monarchical form of government for Israel had been fore-

told in prophecy, God had reserved to Himself the right to choose their

king."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 608.

13.

In the chart below rate the first three kings of Israel on the

specific guidelines given in Deuteronomy 17:14-20, with an (A)

Lesson 3

January 19

for "according to God's will," (F) for "failure," and

(C)

for "ac-

ceptable." (Study the texts listed below the chart.)

God's Requirements for a King

Saul

David

Solomon

King to be chosen by God, v. 15

He must be an Israelite, v. 15

He must not enrich himself at

expense of subjects, nor enslave

them, vs. 16, 17

He must not multiply wives, v. 17

He must rule by law of God,

vs. 18-20

Saul: 1 Sam. 9:15-17; 9:2; 15:9; 2 Sam. 3:7; 1 Sam. 14:24; 15:23.

David: 1 Sam. 16:1; 5:13; 8:15; 24:17; 7:25-27.

Solomon: 1 Chron. 28:5; 29:1; 1 Kings 10:14, 26-29; 11:1-4;

4:26, 27; 9:22; 11:9-11.

Although Israel wanted a king "that they might be like the other na-

tions," their true King wanted to spare them the tyranny, serfdom, and cor-

ruption that often came with this form of government. Through Moses,

God had given restrictions and sound principles that, if followed, might

avoid the pitfalls of an authoritarian state. Sadly, His counsel was more

often ignored than followed by Israel's future kings. The Israelites had

chosen to reject God as their King. Instead of His divine assistance, they

would now be subject to the hereditary succession of a line of kings that

would often bring apostasy and disgrace to the nation.

14. After hearing of the dangers of a monarchy, how did the people

respond? 1 Sam. 8:19, 20. What lessons for the church today can

we learn from Israel's experience?

"The Israelites did not realize that to be in this respect unlike other na-

tions was a special privilege and blessing. God had separated the Israelites

from every other people, to make them His own peculiar treasure. But

they, disregarding this high honor, eagerly desired to imitate the example

of the heathen! And still the longing to conform to worldly practices and

customs exists among the professed people of God. As they depart from

the Lord, they become ambitious for the gains and honors of the world.

. . . For the sake of earthly distinction they sacrifice the unspeakable honor

to which God has called

them."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 607.

God's Rule or Human Rule?



January 19

15.

Sometime later, when the people admitted to their sin in asking

for a king, what appeal did they make to Samuel? 1 Sam. 12:19.

In many ways Samuel was a type of Christ. The people had despised his

"humble authority," even as centuries later the Jewish nation would reject

the humble Man of Galilee as their king, choosing Barabbas instead.

Perhaps the quality of Samuel's leadership that shines out the brightest

is his intercession for his people. On several occasions the people came

crying to him with the plea "Pray for us." Dedicated as he was to their

spiritual welfare, he assured them in words that should burn into every

leader's heart: "God forbid that I should sin against the Lord in ceasing to

pray for you" (1 Sam. 12:23; compare Heb. 7:25).

16.

What precious assurance did Samuel give the people at this time?

1 Sam. 12:22. What lesson does this teach us about the kind of

God we serve?

THE MODERN PARALLEL.

List some areas of our personal lives and

our church life in which we tend to make choices similar to those of the

Israelites in demanding a king to rule over them:

•

Personal choices:



•

Choices by the church:



•

What should we do to correct the situation?



FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION:

Read the chapter, "The

Schools of the Prophets" in

Patriarchs and Prophets, pp. 592-602.

SUMMARY:

Samuel's dedicated ministry to Israel, and to the schools of

the prophets, provides models for our church today. The story of Israel's

rejection of God's system of government, their insistence on having a king,

and their unbelief stand as warnings to us today. (See 1 Cor. 10:11.)

Lesson

January 20-26

God Chooses the

Leaders of His People

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 9:1-12:25.

SAB

MEMORY TEXT: "For the Lord will not forsake his people for

his great name's sake: because it hath pleased the Lord to make

you his people" (1 Samuel 12:22).

LEADERS CHOSEN AND TESTED.

In every era of history, God has

chosen faithful leaders for His people. Their success or failure has always

depended upon their willingness to follow His leading.

OUTLINE:

Saul Chosen to Be King (1 Sam. 9:1-27).

II.

Saul Anointed King (1 Sam. 10:1-16).

III.. The Coronation of Saul (1 Sam. 10:17-27).

IV.

Israel's New King (1 Sam. 11:1-13).

The Kingdom Confirmed (1 Sam. 11:14-12:25).

GOD SELECTS A KING.

God consented to let Israel have a king. But

through the prophet Samuel He definitely controlled the choice. The narra-

tive makes clear that Saul did not aspire to be king, nor had the people

chosen him. God handpicked an unknown young man from the small tribe

of Benjamin. Samuel surprised Saul by anointing him king, after which

Saul won the respect of the people in his first battle encounter. Samuel re-

assured the Israelites that God always would teach and guide them if they

would remain faithful to Him.

The pertinent message for us

is that, even when His people diverge

from His will, God is directly involved in their affairs. He appoints leaders

to revive their spirits, refurbish their waning spiritual energies, and direct

them to the divine Source of their wisdom and strength. Humanity may

fail, but God never does. There is a divine hand guiding the affairs of His

church, a merciful Providence hovering over faulty believers, a loving God

tenderly implementing His infinite purpose for the salvation of lost human-

ity.

I. SAUL CHOSEN TO BE KING (1 Sam. 9:1-27).

1. Read the story of Saul and his father's donkeys in 1 Samuel 9:1-

14. Comment on the following:

Saul's background (v. 1)



God Chooses the Leaders of His People January 26

Saul's appearance (v. 2)



Saul's occupation (v. 3)



Saul's servant (vs. 5-8)



"The personal qualities of the future monarch were such as to gratify

that pride of heart which prompted the desire for a king. . . . Of noble and

dignified bearing, in the prime of life, comely and tall, he appeared like

one born to command."—

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 608.

What significance does this detailed account (1 Sam. 9:1-14) have

for the story about Israel's wanting a king?

Saul is introduced in the narrative as a man looking for his father's

asses. These animals would become symbols of royalty in Israel. Instead of

finding the animals Saul found the prophet. Or did the prophet find him?

God had agreed to give His people a king, but He remained in control of

the selection process. Saul had no political experience, no aspirations to be

a leader, but God recognized that he fitted the description of what Israel

wanted in a king—strong physical prowess and attractive appearance.

Moreover, at this stage Saul was susceptible to divine conviction and lead-

ing.

The Philistines were a tall, strong people. Could that have influenced

the Israelites' desire for a leader such as Saul? (See 1 Sam. 9:16, 17.)

Reconstruct in your own words the story of the meeting between

Saul and Samuel. 1 Sam. 9:18-10:1. Note especially what God said

to Samuel when he saw Saul for the first time. 1 Sam. 9:17.

•

What would be your thoughts if you had been Samuel, knowing that

you were handing over your leadership to an unknown, inexperienced

man?

•

How would you have felt had you been Saul, facing an uncharted

course, and perhaps a dangerous task as military leader against the wily

Philistines?

•

What situations can you think of in the church today that may be

similar to the situation in which Samuel and Saul found themselves?

MON

II. SAUL ANOINTED KING (1 Sam. 10:1-16).

4. What was the significance of the secret anointing of Saul? 1 Sam.

10:1-8?

Lesson 4



January 26

"At this stage it was a private and indeed secret action; Samuel took

care to be unobserved by others (9:27), and Saul did not even tell his

closest relatives what had happened [ 1 Sam. 10:16]. . . . In other words, it

was a symbolic act, making him king in God's sight but not yet in the na-

tion's. (It is possible that the word translated

prince

in verse 1 means

`king-designate,' king to be.')."—David F. Payne, I &

II Samuel

(Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1982), p. 50.

What evidence was seen at this time that God had called Saul to

be the first king of Israel? 1 Sam. 10:9-13.

Imagine how this train of events must have affected Saul! The ruddy

outdoor man, accustomed to farms and farm animals, now faced with the

responsibility of leading a nation, joined the "sons of the prophets" in

singing praises to God. (The Hebrew word translated "prophesy" may

mean "to act as a spokesman for God.") -

The use of music for the praise and worship of God was considered part

of the prophetic gift. David's musicians are said to have prophesied with

harps, psaltries, cymbals, and their voices. (See 1 Chron. 25:1-6.)

Saul spiritually transformed.

No wonder the people marveled at the

dramatic change that had come about in Saul. "God gave him another

heart" (1 Sam. 10:9). When the Spirit of God comes upon His willing,

believing people, their lives are transformed. They respond with thanksgiv-

ing and demonstrate an earnest desire to follow God's leading. This ex-

perience of spiritual renewal must be fostered daily by prayer, Bible study,

and submission to the Lord's will.

How would you describe the change in your life when you first ac-

cepted Christ as your Saviour? What differences do you see in your

spiritual experience now? Does Revelation 2:4 apply to you? If so, how

can you regain the inspiration of your early relationship with Christ?

III. THE CORONATION OF SAUL (1 Sam. 10:17-27).

What mixed reactions surfaced among the people at Saul's corona-

tion at Mizpah? What was Saul's reaction? 1 Sam. 10:21-24, 27.

"While the people in general were ready to acknowledge Saul as their

king, there was a large party in opposition. For a monarch to be chosen

from Benjamin, the smallest of the tribes of Israel—and that to the neglect

of both Judah and Ephraim, the largest and most powerful—was a slight

which they could not brook. . . . Those who had been most urgent in their

demand for a king were the very ones that refused to accept with gratitude

the man of God's appointment. . . . In this condition of affairs Saul did not

see fit to assume the royal

dignity."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 611,

612.

God Chooses the Leaders of His People January 26

El 7. What did Samuel do to ensure that the new monarchy would

operate according to God's plan? 1 Sam. 10:25. Review some of

the guidelines that might have been included in this document.

Deut. 17:14-20.

"From the very start, as verse 25 shows, the monarchy was constitu-

tional: the kings would have both

rights and duties.

We might see in the

document mentioned here a sort of bill of rights for the people, held in the

very safe keeping of a sanctuary (that is the meaning of the phrase

before

the Lord).

Here was an important brake upon the development of absolute

power. Strictly speaking,

rights and duties

is used to translate a single

word

(mishpat)

in Hebrew, which in other contexts might mean 'custom'

or 'ways,' as in 8:11. Such a document must however have been a legal

one, not a mere description of the ways which kings are prone to act; so

`regulations' (NIV) is probably the nearest English equivalent to

mish-

pat."—David

F. Payne, / &

// Samuel,

p. 53.

What is your reaction when someone is appointed to a position in

the church that you think he or she is not qualified to fill? Is it possible

that, in some circumstances, like Saul's opponents, you are opposing

an appointment made by God?

IV. ISRAEL'S NEW KING (1 Sam. 11:1-13).

Following a time of apparent inactivity on the part of the new

king, what crisis provided Saul an opportunity to assert his leader-

ship role? 1 Sam. 11:1-11.

Jabesh-gilead, a small city in northern Transjordan, was suddenly be-

sieged by the Ammonites, who felt confident of help from more powerful

tribes. Not far away was the Philistine fortress city of Beth-shean.

Acting quickly, and exerting his new royal mandate, Saul mustered an

army, descended on the Ammonites, and put them to flight.

After the stunning victory given by God at Jabesh-gilead, some of

the people wanted revenge on Saul's detractors. What was Saul's

response, and what does it tell us about his character at the begin-

ning of his reign? 1 Sam. 11:12, 13.

"Here Saul gave evidence of the change that had taken place in his

character. Instead of taking honor to himself, he gave the glory to God. In-

stead of showing a desire for revenge, he manifested a spirit of compassion

and forgiveness. This is unmistakable evidence that the grace of God

dwells in the

heart."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 613.

Lesson 4



January 26

WED

10. To whom did Saul give credit for the victory in this battle?

1 Sam. 11:13.

If only Saul could have maintained the generous and forgiving spirit

that was evident on this occasion! If only he could have continued to rec-

ognize that victory comes from the Lord! How differently the story of the

first king of Israel might have ended! Indeed, how different the history of

the nation might have been!

In our battles with spiritual enemies, why is it always important to

give God the credit for victory? What happens when we take the glory

to ourselves? (See Rom. 4:1-5; Eph. 2:8-10.)

V. THE KINGDOM CONFIRMED (1 Sam. 11:14-12:25).

11. Gilgal had been the scene of many special and sacred moments

in Israel's history. Now Samuel called Israel once again to this

place. Why was it necessary to renew the kingdom at this time?

1 Sam. 11:14, 15; 12:1, 2.

To this place, so fragrant with memories of God's miraculous deal-

ings, Samuel called the children of Israel to renew the kingdom. Here,

without doubt, he rehearsed in their ears the loving watchcare and the

long-suffering patience of a heavenly Father during the past centuries. It

would have been far better had they been satisfied with God's original plan

of government, but inasmuch as they desired a king, God promised to be-

stow His Spirit upon the new king as He had upon the judges. Though they

had rejected Him they had abundant witness that God would still be with

them. By establishing a line of succession on the basis of heredity, Israel

was throwing the doors open for many problems and dangers they had not

encountered under the judges. But through Samuel, God affirmed His ever-

lasting love and devotion, and promised to surround them with the same

solicitous protection that had been theirs in centuries past."—SDA

Bible

Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 501.

12.

Summarize briefly the main points Samuel made in his farewell

speech as Israel's leader. 1 Sam. 12:1-13.

Verses 1-5



Verses 6-11



Verses 12, 13



13.

Compare Samuel's appeal to Israel with that of another great

leader of God's people in his final address: 1 Sam. 12:14, 15;

Deut. 28:1, 15.

God Chooses the Leaders of His People January 26

Again and again Moses had appealed to Israel to obey and live. Disobe-

dience would result in tragic consequences. The history of God's people

had demonstrated the truth of Moses' words. Yet they were slow to learn.

Now they had sinned again in asking for a king. Samuel reminded them

that their only safety would be in serving and obeying the Lord. Samuel

was calling the people of Israel to covenant renewal as they began a new

era in their national life.

14.

Describe the dramatic event that brought the people of Israel to

realize their sin in asking for a king. 1 Sam. 12:16-19.

Thunder and rain at the time of wheat harvest (late May and early June)

would be almost unheard of in Palestine. Imagine then, the fear that

gripped the people as they realized the truth of Samuel's words. Suddenly

their sin loomed before them. They confessed their pride and rebellion

against God's will in asking for a king. They begged the prophet for

mercy. This action by Israel shows how deficient was their concept of

God. They failed to recognize His loving goodwill toward them.

15.

Study Samuel's words to Israel, noting the promises and comparing

their New Testament counterparts. 1 Sam. 12:22, 23.

"The Lord will not forsake his people." Compare Heb. 13:5, 6.

"The Lord . . . [has made] you His people." Compare 1 Peter 2:9, 10.

I will not cease "to pray for you." Compare Col. 1:9-11; Rom. 8:26.

"I will teach you the good and the right way." Compare Acts 20:20,

27; John 16:13.

Although Samuel forcefully convinced the people of their sin, he ended

his address with a message of hope and courage. His promise not to cease

to pray for the people was a reminder to them that whatever course their

kings might take, they would still have prophets to give them spiritual

guidance, and to pray for them. (Compare Daniel 9:3-19.)

He reminded them again that what God really wanted more than any-

thing else was for them to serve Him with all their hearts. He sought for

them the New Covenant promise: "I will put my laws into their mind,

and write them in their hearts" (Heb. 8:10). Finally, he asked the people

to consider what "great things He has done for you" (1 Sam. 12:24,

NKJV).

What hath God wrought!

"In reviewing our past history, having

traveled over every step of advance to our present standing, I can say,

Praise God! As I see what God has wrought, I am filled with astonishment,

and with confidence in Christ as leader. We have nothing to fear for the fu-

ture except as we shall forget the way the Lord has led

us."—Testimonies

to Ministers,

p. 31.

We have passed over the road to

and from California twelve times,

and have not expended one dollar

for meals at the restaurants or in

the attached dining car.-4T299.

Lesson 4



January 26

WHAT DOES THIS LESSON MEAN TO ME?

•

Review some of the great things God has done in the history of His

remnant church. How can these events of the past give us courage to meet

the challenges we face today?

•

Are there areas in my life where I find myself rebelling against God's

expressed will?

•

How do I respond to being replaced or rejected in favor of someone

who seems less qualified than I am for a job or position?

•

What can Samuel's example teach me?

•

How would my life change if I were to spend some time each day re-

counting the blessings of God and the great things He has done for me?

FURTHER STUDY:

Read the chapter entitled "The First King of

Israel," in

Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 603-615.

Read Psalms 78, 105, 106. Inspiration suggests that these psalms, that

depict God's great patience and love for His people in spite of their rebel-

lion and failures, should be read and studied often by modern-day Israel.

(See

Testimonies to Ministers,

p. 98.)

SUMMARY: God loved His people Israel. Even when they rebelled

against Him and chose their own way instead of His will for them, He con-

tinued to care for them and worked out His purposes of love toward them.

Along with His warnings of danger and reprimands for wrong courses of

action He sent messages of assurance and guidance through His prophet.

Have you decided how to save your dollars

for the South Pacific Division Thirteenth Sabbath?

Lesson

January 27—February 2

The Road to Rebellion

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 13:1-15:35.

SAB

MEMORY TEXT: "And Samuel said, Hath the Lord as great

delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice

of the Lord? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to

hearken than the fat of rams" (1 Samuel 15:22).

REBELLION AND RUIN ARE PRECEDED BY EXCUSES.

The road

to rebellion is paved with excuses, rationalizations, and so-called "respect-

able" sins, but it ends in disaster and ruin. In this week's lesson we see

Saul turn his feet down that tragic road.

OUTLINE:

Saul's First Mistake (1 Sam. 13:1-14).

II.

When Pride Prevails (1 Sam. 13:15-14:46).

III.

False Piety Becomes Rebellion (1 Sam. 14:47-15:35).

A CRISIS IN LEADERSHIP.

Ancient Israel was as much a church as it

was a nation. The union of church and state worked well as long as the

people acknowledged God as their ultimate ruler. The divine plan was that

human judges and prophets in Israel should function as administrators

under specific directions given by God. When the Israelites demanded a

king, they were warned that such a ruler would tend to exercise absolute

power, ignoring dependence upon God's control and direction.

This lesson demonstrates what happened when the king chose to act

contrary to God's will. As you study ask yourself: Why was the concept of

absolute kingship out of harmony with a theocratic form of government

(rule by God)? Because God chose Saul to be king and removed him when

he failed to follow divine directions, what kind of kingship did He ob-

viously have in mind for Israel? From the perspective of the present-day

church, what message for church leaders everywhere is contained in this

week's lesson? What message does the lesson have for most church mem-

bers?

I. SAUL'S FIRST MISTAKE (1 Sam. 13:1-14).

Saul's victory at Jabesh-gilead raised the morale of Israel and gave him

prestige to rally the people around him to meet the wily Philistines. It is a

wonder that they had not attacked Israel sooner.

Saul divided his men into two companies and sent the rest home. "Here

was a serious error. His army was filled with hope and courage by the re-

—

.a.v.

I IU I

Lesson 5



February 2

cent victory; and had he proceeded at once against other enemies of Israel,

a telling blow might have been struck for the liberties of the nation."—

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 616.

1. What event precipitated the meeting at Gilgal? 1 Sam. 13:2-4.

This is our first introduction to Jonathan, the brave and daring son of

Saul. In the second year of Saul's reign Jonathan attacked and defeated the

garrison at Geba.

In view of these circumstances how did the following people

react? 1 Sam. 13:5-9, 12.

The Philistines (v. 5)



The Israelites (vs. 6, 7)



Saul (vs. 8, 9, 12)



This was the "last straw" of rebellion by these impudent Israelites! The

NEB reads: "The name of Israel stank" (1 Sam. 13:4). The Philistines

mustered their forces and prepared for the attack.

What was the purpose of the meeting at Gilgal? What previous in-

structions had Samuel given? 1 Sam. 13:8, 9; 10:8.

Seeing the panic of his followers, Saul felt desperately in need of God's

blessing and guidance. Earlier Samuel had instructed him to wait a week

before acting. But because Saul had not prepared his forces, they now

began to desert him.

Human plans substituted for God's.

"Before the time appointed by

the prophet had fully expired, he became impatient at the delay and al-

lowed himself to be discouraged by the trying circumstances that sur-

rounded him. Instead of faithfully seeking to prepare the people for the

service that Samuel was coming to perform, he indulged in unbelief and

foreboding. . . . God required that His people should search their hearts and

repent of their sins, that the offering might be made with acceptance before

Him, and that His blessing might attend their efforts to conquer the enemy.

But Saul had grown restless; and the people, instead of trusting in God for

help, were looking to the king whom they had chosen, to lead and direct

them."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 617.

MON

4. Samuel's delay in meeting Saul's army at Gilgal was a testing and

proving time for Saul. What negative character traits are exhibited

in the following actions or statements recorded in 1 Samuel 13?

The Road to Rebellion



February 2

Saul went out to meet and greet Samuel (v. 10)



"You did not come within the days appointed" (v. 11, NKJV)



"I have not made supplication to the Lord" (v. 12, NKJV)



"I forced myself" (v. 12)



I "offered a burnt offering" (v. 12)



One of the most serious of all sins is disobedience dressed in the garb

of piety. "What he [Saul] lacked in real piety he would try to make up by

his zeal in the forms of

religion."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 622. To

usurp the role of priest in order to impress his fainting followers, to ignore

the plain requirements of God regarding the sacred services, was the height

of presumption. Saul disqualified himself as Israel's leader.

Obey God irrespective of circumstances.

"There is no safety except

in strict obedience to the word of God. All His promises are made upon

condition of faith and obedience, and a failure to comply with His com-

mands cuts off the fulfillment to us of the rich provisions of the Scriptures.

We should not follow impulse, nor rely on the judgment of men; we should

look to the revealed will of God and walk according to His definite com-

mandment, no matter what circumstances may surround

us."—Patriarchs

and Prophets,

pp. 621, 622.

What solemn message did Samuel deliver to Saul at this time?

1 Sam. 13:13, 14.

Israel must be reminded that their monarchy was under the direct rule of

their God. As long as they remained subordinate to His will they would

prosper and God would be their defense. Had Saul shown a spirit of humil-

ity and a desire to be obedient, his kingdom might have been established

forever.

Be strictly honest with yourself.

Have you suffered disappointment

and loss because you have disobeyed God's commands? "All we like

sheep have gone astray" (Isa. 53:6). Complete forgiveness and acceptance

are available when we confess and repent. (See Isa. 55:7.)

II. WHEN PRIDE PREVAILS (1 Sam. 13:15-14:46).

Note the description and explanation of Israel's status in relation-

ship to their enemies, the Philistines. 1 Sam. 13:19-21. (If possible,

read these verses in some of the newer translations.)

Lesson 5



February 2

The Philistines, or "Sea Peoples," came from Caphtor (Crete), ac-

cording to Jeremiah 47:4 and Amos 9:7. Their unchallenged control of

the coastal plains, their thorough acquaintance with military techniques,

and their monopoly of iron weapons made them a formidable enemy to

Israel.

This rather dismal picture makes Jonathan's victory described in

1 Samuel 14 shine all the brighter.

The obscure reading of 1 Samuel 13:21 in the King James Version has

puzzled many. But excavations at Lachish and other places have revealed

that the word

pim

(translated "file" in KJV) was actually the weight of 2/3

of a shekel. The RSV reads: "and the charge was a pim for the plowshares

and for the mattocks, and a third of a shekel for sharpening the axes and

for setting the goads."

Read the account of Jonathan's daring in 1 Samuel 14:1-14. (Con-

sult one of the newer translations, if possible.) What does this

story suggest about the following characters?

Saul (v. 2)



Jonathan (vs. 6, 12, 13)



His armorbearer (vs. 7, 13)



"Josephus thinks that it was at break of day that Jonathan and his

armor-bearer approached the Philistine outpost, and reached it when most

of the men were yet asleep

(Antiquities

vi. 6. 2). The narrative of ch. 14

confirms the idea that it was early morning (see vs. 15, 16, 20, 23, 24-28,

30, 31, 45). Whether the two Israelites waited till night to make the ascent

or whether it took them but a few minutes to climb the precipice is not

stated. They evidently took the fortress completely by surprise, for the ut-

most confusion reigned in the Philistine garrison."—SDA

Bible Commen-

tary,

vol. 2, p. 515.

What rather extreme ultimatum did Saul issue and what were the

results? 1 Sam. 14:24, 31-33.

At best, Saul's motive for this rash command would be a kind of mis-

placed piety to ensure God's continued favor. Because he was the

commander-in-chief of his army, it was his duty to see that his troops were

supplied with food and supplies. Instead, the curse he pronounced led to

weakness and confusion, and finally to his soldiers' desperate violation of

one of God's plain commands. (See Lev. 3:17.)

Describe Jonathan's response to his father's course of action.

1 Sam. 14:29, 30.

The Road to Rebellion



February 2

"The military achievement of Saul's men would have been a great task

for a well-fed army, and was much greater for an ill-fed throng of undis-

ciplined country folk such as he led. What a lesson this experience could

have been to Saul, still smarting under rebuke, and jealous only for his

own reputation. But once he had set foot in the quicksand of pride, each

feeble and indecisive attempt to extricate himself only caused him to sink

deeper."—SDA

Bible Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 517.

Obviously, God did not approve of Saul's oath, for He refused to an-

swer him (1 Sam. 14:37). Certainly God would not approve Saul's intent

to kill Jonathan after He had so miraculously worked through him to rout

the enemy.

10.

Review the conversation between Saul and Jonathan, and the

people's intervention to save Jonathan. 1 Sam. 14:43-45. What

does this incident reveal about Jonathan's character?

What modern applications do you

see? How do people today some-

times substitute oaths and strict demands for genuine commitment to

Christ?

WED

III. FALSE PIETY BECOMES REBELLION (1 Sam. 14:47-15:35).

The last part of 1 Samuel 14 lists Saul's achievements, the names of his

family members, and his commander-in-chief. These facts usually are pre-

sented at the end of the account of a given king. It is as though the narra-

tor is suggesting that this is the end of the reign of Israel's first king before

launching into the sad story of Saul's last chance. Once more the prophet

Samuel came to the king with instructions from the Lord. Once more Saul

was given an opportunity to prove his ability to lead Israel according to

God's direction.

11.

Who were the Amalekites? Why was the severe command given

to destroy them? 1 Sam. 15:1-3 (compare Ex. 17:8-16; Deut.

25:17-19).

The Hebrew word used in verse 3 for "utterly destroy" actually means

"to put under ban," that is, to consecrate to the Deity by destruction. This

was a sacred command to exterminate a whole people and all their belong-

ings. Israel was a tool in God's hand to bring judgment on the wicked

Amalekites just as later other nations were used by God to bring a less

severe judgment on Israel.

Why God punishes.

"The forbearance that God has exercised toward

the wicked, emboldens men in transgression; but their punishment will be

none the less certain and terrible for being long delayed. . . . While He does

not delight in vengeance, He will execute judgment upon the transgressors

of His law. He is forced to do this, to preserve the inhabitants of the earth

Lesson 5



February 2

from utter depravity and ruin. In order to save some, He must cut off those

who have become hardened in

sin."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 628.

12.

What message did God give Samuel? How did he respond?

1 Sam. 15:11.

The NKJV reads "I greatly regret." The TEV says, "I am sorry." God

does not repent in the sense that humans do, but "God's repentance im-

plies a change of circumstances and

relations."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 630.

The NEB says that "Samuel was angry," and the NASB, "Samuel was

distressed." No doubt his "[crying] out to the Lord all night" involved a

combination of anger, disappointment, frustration, and grief.

13.

In the following verses find the actions or statements of Saul that

demonstrate some of his sins and weaknesses. 1 Sam. 15:12, 13,

15, 20, 21.

14.

Study prayerfully Samuel's oft-quoted message to Saul in

1 Samuel 15:22, 23. Compare:

Isa. 1:11-17



Micah 6:6-8

God is displeased when people piously go through forms and ceremo-

nies, thinking that He will be appeased by their goodness, when all the

while their hearts are far from Him and their lives demonstrate disobe-

dience and presumption instead of faith. The ancient sacrifices were given

to lead people to God, not to be a substitute for a relationship with Him. So

today, mere profession, going through the motions of religion without a

saving relationship with Christ, is unacceptable to God.

Andrew Blackwood once said: "The man whose religion comes by

proxy finds in it no refuge from the storms of life."

15.

Saul immediately confessed his sin. What indicates that

his repentance was motivated by fear of consequences? 1 Sam.

15:24-30.

"Saul had manifested great zeal in suppressing idolatry and witchcraft;

yet in his disobedience to the divine command he had been actuated by the

same spirit of opposition to God and had been as really inspired by Satan

as are those who practice sorcery; and when reproved, he had added stub-



The Road to Rebellion



February 2

bornness to rebellion. He could have offered no greater insult to the Spirit

of God had he openly united with

idolaters."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 635.

DO YOU AGREE OR DISAGREE?

•

I am still acceptable to God when I commit little acts of disobe-

dience. Agree



Disagree



•

Because Christ saves me by grace alone, I do not have to be con-

cerned about strict conformity to His law. Agree



Disagree



•

Obedience to the commands of an earthly leader is always a sign of

obedience to God's will. Agree



Disagree



•

Spiritual enemies can be overcome only by total dependence on

God's will and power. Agree



Disagree



FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION:

Read "The Presumption of

Saul" and "Saul Rejected," chapters 60 and 61 in

Patriarchs and Proph-

ets,

pp. 616-636.

SUMMARY:

The road to rebellion begins with seemingly respectable

sins—putting our ways above God's ways, rationalizing that our pet sins

are not really so bad. But gradually and insidiously, presumption leads to

disobedience, pride confirms willfulness, eventually leading to rebellion

and ruin. These warnings are "written for our admonition, upon whom the

ends of the world are come" (1 Cor. 10:11).

Lesson

February 3-9

How God Prepares a

Leader

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 16:1-20:42; 23:16-18.

MEMORY TEXT: "Then said David to the Philistine, Thou

comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield:

but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of

the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied" (1 Samuel 17:45).

THE SCHOOL OF CHALLENGE AND HARDSHIP.

God trains the

leaders of His people by subjecting them to trial and difficulty. The road

from obscurity to usefulness for God is often paved with obstacles and

challenges that fashion the character after the similitude of the divine.

OUTLINE:

David Anointed as Israel's Future King (1 Sam. 16:1-23).

II.

David's Courage Based on Faith (1 Sam. 17:1-58).

HI. David's Humility and Saul's Jealousy (1 Sam. 18:5-19:24).

IV. The Covenant Between David and Jonathan (1 Sam. 18:1-4;

20:1-42;

23:16-18).

OLD-COVENANT FAILURE; NEW-COVENANT VICTORY.

In the

same way that Israel under the old covenant could not obey by mere

human will, Saul had shown the futility of human effort without divine

power. In the same way that the new covenant provided divine power,

David would illustrate what God can do through regenerated human nature

filled with His Spirit.

In this week's lesson we get a first glimpse into the life of the beloved

and charming young David. We see him in his relationship to his own

family, to the family of King Saul, to his people Israel, and especially to

the Lord. He was to be the regal forebear of the Son of God. We are awed

as we see bravery in meeting the giant Goliath, and are touched by his

humility and his love for Jonathan.

I. DAVID ANOINTED AS ISRAEL'S FUTURE KING (1 Sam. 16:1-

23).

1. Read the story of the instruction to Samuel to anoint a son of Jesse

as Israel's new king. 1 Sam. 16:1-13. Comment on the following:

Samuel's fear (v. 2)



SAB

How God Prepares a Leader

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February 9

The people of Bethlehem (v. 4)



The secrecy of the occasion (vs. 3-5)



Samuel's impression of Jesse's sons (vs. 6-10)



God's method of choosing a king (v. 7)



David's anointing and the results (v. 13)



In choosing the first king of Israel, God had given the people what they

wanted, a man whose physical bearing and appearance appealed to their

expectations.

Now, in a rather dramatic scenario, God demonstrates to the prophet

Samuel that " 'the Lord does not see as man sees; for man looks at the out-

ward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart' " (1 Sam. 16:7, NKJV).

God looks for character.

"No outward beauty can recommend the

soul to God. The wisdom and excellence revealed in the character and de-

portment, express the true beauty of the man; and it is the inner worth, the

excellency of the heart, that determines our acceptance with the Lord of

hosts. How deeply should we feel this truth in the judgment of ourselves

and

others."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 638.

What chain of events led to David's training in the king's palace in

preparation for his future work? 1 Sam. 16:14-23.

David's training was divided between the palace and the pasture. In

Saul's presence he would learn the ways of royalty. He would be exposed

to the responsibilities and the liabilities of leadership. But the most impor-

tant aspect of David's education as Israel's future king was in nature's

classroom amid the rocky cliffs of the Judean hills. (Compare 1 Sam.

17:15.) His preparation to be Israel's future shepherd would be earned

caring for his father's flocks.

There with his harp (actually a lyre), under the inspiration of the Holy

Spirit, David composed music that would minister to the sick king, and

wrote many of the immortal lyrics that would bless God's people for ages

to come.

What more recent examples can you give of the special preparation

God has provided for people whom He has chosen as leaders?

II. DAVID'S COURAGE BASED ON FAITH (1 Sam. 17:1-58).

Read the story recorded in 1 Samuel 17:1-11 of Israel's encounter

with the Philistines. Indicate your answers to the following:

•

Why did the Philistines challenge Israel with one man instead of a

whole army?

MON

Lesson 6

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February 9

•

Why was this such a serious challenge? (v. 9)



Compare the reaction of Saul and his men with David's assess-

ment of the situation. 1 Sam. 17:11, 24, 26.

"What a contrast—a humble shepherd lad encouraging an experienced

and successful warrior of Israel! Saul, the only giant of Israel (ch. 10:23),

realized that he should have been the one to accept Goliath's challenge.

But a guilty conscience left him fearful and trembling. . . . David, on the

other hand, radiated that spirit of genuine optimism and courage that is the

badge of 'a conscience void of offence toward God, and toward men'

(Acts 24:16; cf. Ps. 51:10,11). David was as courageous as Saul was

cowardly."—SDA

Bible Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 538.

Why did David's brothers react with such intense jealousy to his

offer to fight Goliath? 1 Sam. 17:28. What was Saul's reaction?

verses 31-37.

The secret of David's strength was not so much that he had killed a lion

and a bear as a shepherd lad, but that he had developed courage, fortitude,

and a living faith in his God. Now, at his father's request, he had come to

the battlefront, and under the direction of an angel of God he sought to ful-

fill a mission.

"His spirit was stirred within him. He was fired with zeal to preserve

the honor of the living

God." Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 645.

His brothers' jealousies and suspicions must have been aroused from

the day that Samuel visited their home and chose David from among them.

Now, condemned by his youthful courage and daring, and by their own

cowardice, they responded in anger to his offer.

How does David's challenge to Goliath show that his purpose was

not to demonstrate his own prowess and bravery? 1 Sam. 17:45-

47. What great spiritual truth did David believe and illustrate by

these words?

The dramatic story of David's victory over Goliath, loved by children

everywhere, is more than a story of courage and daring. It is the story of

faith; faith that has not been dimmed by doubt, discouragement, and

despair; faith that has not been eroded by the tunnel vision of seeing things

through mere human perspective; faith that relies on God to do the im-

possible.

This model for Christian living reminds us that the Goliath giants in our

lives need not intimidate us into icy fear. It teaches us what David under-

How God Prepares a Leader

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February 9

stood so well—that the battle belongs to the Lord of hosts. It is not by

sword or spear, but by God's power that we shall gain the victory. And it

is not for our credit or glory, but "that all the earth may know that there is

a God in Israel" (1 Sam. 17:46).

By what means may we conquer the spiritual giants that threaten to

destroy our relationship with Christ? (See 1 John 5:4, 5.)

III. DAVID'S HUMILITY AND SAUL'S JEALOUSY (1 Sam. 18:5-

19:24).

What factors made Saul jealous of David? 1 Sam. 18:5-9, 14-16.

"The demon of jealousy entered the heart of the king. He was angry be-

cause David was exalted above himself in the song of the women of Israel.

In place of subduing these envious feelings, he displayed the weakness of

his character. . . .

"One great defect in the character of Saul was his love of approbation.

This trait had a controlling influence over his actions and thoughts; every-

thing was marked by his desire for praise and self-exaltation. His standard

of right and wrong was the low standard of popular applause. No man is

safe who lives that he may please men, and does not seek first for the ap-

probation of God. It was the ambition of Saul to be first in the estimation

of men. . . .

"Saul opened his heart to the spirit of jealousy by which his soul was

poisoned."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 650.

Describe Saul's first two attempts against David's life. 1 Sam.

18:10, 11, 17. By what duplicity did Saul show his insincerity

toward David? Verse 17-27.

When Saul was anointed as king the Spirit of the Lord came upon him,

and he became a new man (1 Sam. 10:6, 9). When David was anointed

"the Spirit of the Lord came upon . . . [him] from that day forward"

(1 Sam. 16:13). But at the same time "the Spirit of the Lord departed from

Saul, and a distressing spirit from the Lord troubled him" (v. 14, NKJV).

The Bible writers often ascribe to God what He permits. As Saul rejected

the pleadings of the Spirit and the warnings of the prophet, he opened the

door of his mind to the natural consequences—a disturbed mind, which

Satan could now easily control.

Inner sin destroys.

Saul could lead an army against his enemies, but he

could not control his worst enemy—himself! With his passions out of con-

trol, and his judgment impaired, he would plunge from a frenzy of rage

into the depths of despondency and depression.

Why was Saul afraid of David? 1 Sam. 18:28-30.

Lesson 6

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February 9

David's very presence condemned the guilty king. God's favor upon the

blameless life and character of David reproached his own miserable and

envious nature. "Envy is the offspring of pride, and if it is entertained in

the heart, it will lead to hatred, and eventually to revenge and murder."—

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 651.

WED

10. What factors account for David's friendship with Jonathan? Sug-

gest several reasons why they might have been natural enemies.

1 Sam. 19:1-5 (compare 14:29; 17:57-18:1).

Jonathan had already displayed an unusual spirit on several previous oc-

casions. Perhaps he saw what was happening to his father and determined

not to follow in his footsteps. But for whatever reasons, Jonathan, in a truly

unselfish spirit, defended David, his rival for the throne. David, on the

other hand, must have possessed a charm combined with a spirit of humil-

ity that endeared him to the crown prince.

11.

Review the next two attempts by Saul to kill David, and the res-

cue by his wife. 1 Sam. 19:8-17. What does Psalm 59, which well

may have been written on this occasion, indicate about David's

attitude?

Seeing Saul was intent on taking his life, David now fled to Naioth

in Ramah, hoping for protection, or possibly counsel from the prophet

Samuel. The rather strange events that followed (see 1 Sam. 19:20-24),

have puzzled many. David Payne's comments on the incident are

helpful:

"Experience must never be allowed to replace or displace a sincere

desire to understand and to obey God's will, revealed to us in the Scrip-

tures. . . .

"In Saul's case, it is easy to interpret his experience at Naioth as just

part of his growing psychological disturbance. . . . He went to Naioth of his

own free choice, in pursuit of an innocent man; if God there took away his

self-control, it was not to harm Saul but to rescue David."—David F.

Payne, / &

II Samuel,

pp. 102, 103.

What testimony could you give to God's intervention for you, pro-

viding protection from spiritual and physical enemies?

IV. THE COVENANT BETWEEN DAVID AND JONATHAN

(1 Sam. 18:1-4; 20:1-42; 23:16-18).

12.

Study the Bible ideals for true friendship indicated in the texts

below. List some of the qualities that must have been present in

David and Jonathan's friendship.

John 15:13

How God Prepares a Leader

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February 9

Job 2:11



Prov. 17:17



Prov. 27:10



13. By what significant act did Jonathan pledge his loyalty to David?

1 Sam. 18:4.

ii 14. After Saul's repeated attempts on his life, where did David next

turn for help? What

was

Jonathan's response and proposal?

How did Saul react? 1 Sam. 20:1-13, 27-34.

David now left Samuel and returned to Jonathan for help. He was con-

vinced that "there is but a step between me and death" (1 Sam. 20:3). Yet

Jonathan was willing to risk all in order to help his friend. Indeed it almost

cost him his life.

Though distressed by his father's bizarre behavior, he was always loyal

to him. Now Saul in a fit of frenzy tried to kill his own son (1 Sam. 20:30-

34). His narrow, selfish spirit could not comprehend his son's unselfish-

ness in willingly conceding his right to the throne to another.

15.

What were the terms of the covenant between the two friends?

1 Sam. 20:8, 14-17, 42.

David's obligation:



Jonathan's vow:



The covenant between David and Jonathan was a covenant of friend-

ship, based on love and loyalty. But it also had political implications, for it

bound David's house for all time to be kind to Jonathan's posterity. (See

2 Sam. 9:1, 7.) Their parting words to one another sealed their vow. (See

1 Sam. 20:42.) David never forgot his obligation to his friend. And

Jonathan's loyal friendship, by God's providence, preserved the life of

Israel's future leader.

Such loyalty is rare in these days of self-serving. It reminds us of our

"elder Brother" willingly giving up His position, His royalty, to save His

brothers and sisters in the human family.

16.

Describe the last meeting between Jonathan and David. By what

assurance did Jonathan once more show his unselfish character?

1 Sam. 23:16-18.

Jonathan encouraged David. Such faith surely must have been born of

Lesson 6

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February 9

more than mere human friendship. The ties of their friendship were deeply

rooted in mutual trust in the God of Israel. (See

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 660.)

Ellen White states that after the encouraging visit of Jonathan, David

sang (or possibly composed) the eleventh psalm. (Read Psalm 11.)

NEEDS IN MY LIFE:

Do any of the following describe my personal needs at this time?

•

I need to be more sensitive to seeing people the way God sees them,

realizing that God measures others by inner qualities rather than by mere

outward appearance.

•

Sometimes I seem overly concerned with superficial qualities about

myself while neglecting the inner spiritual qualities.

•

I have allowed giants of discouragement, doubt, and despair (or other

negative feelings), to keep me from living a victorious life in Christ. I often

forget that Christ is the only one who can win my battles.

•

There are certain circumstances in my life just now that have bred

jealousy and envy of another person. These attitudes have robbed me of

peace of mind and spiritual growth.

•

I desperately need a close friendship in my life, but I am afraid of

giving myself completely because it will make me too vulnerable. I am

afraid of being hurt.

FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION:

Read "The Anointing of

David" and "David a Fugitive" in

Patriarchs and Prophets,

pp. 637-659.

Read the following psalms of David and suggest which occasions or cir-

cumstances in today's lesson they might fit: Psalms 23, 27, 37.

SUMMARY:

The rejection of the Spirit of God leaves a person vulnera-

ble to the evils of pride, jealousy, and envy. But those who allow His Spirit

to control their lives will manifest the beautiful fruits of love, loyalty,

humility, and unselfishness. Trusting in God, not in themselves, will

enable them to face life courageously, knowing that it is the Lord who

fights their battles for them.

Lesson

February 10-16

A Hunted Fugitive and a

Mad King

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 21:1-23:28; 25:1-42.

SAB

MEMORY TEXT: "What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee.

In God I will praise his word, in God I have put my trust; I will

not fear what flesh can do unto me" (Psalm 56:3, 4).

DAVID'S PREPARATION FOR THE THRONE

took place in a gruel-

ing school of adversity. Sometimes he rose above adversity; at other times

he failed miserably. His years as a hunted fugitive reveal both his ad-

mirable strengths and his glaring inconsistencies. Yet he continued to trust

God, while Saul plunged deeper into despair.

OUTLINE:

David's Faith Wavers (1 Sam. 21:1-15).

II.

Tragic Consequences (1 Sam. 22:6-23).

III.

David a Fugitive (1 Sam. 22:1-5; 23:1-28).

IV.

The Death of Samuel (1 Sam. 25:1).

The Influence of a Godly Woman (1 Sam. 25:2-42).

DAVID'S DILEMMA.

Where to now? David had not found refuge with

the prophet Samuel. His secret visit with Jonathan had confirmed his worst

fears; Saul was determined to kill him. Nor was he safe in his own home.

Security evaded him. He became a fugitive. Like a hunted deer, he fled

from one place to another.

Under stress he made some serious mistakes, yet he never gave up his

hold on God. Providence used a godly woman to save him from a tragic

mistake that could have cost him the throne. Some of his most poignant

psalms were written during this dark period of his life.

I. DAVID'S FAITH WAVERS (1 Sam. 21:1-15).

1. What was David's reason for fleeing to the sanctuary at Nob? To

what strategy did David resort to convince the priest of his needs?

1 Sam. 21:1-5, 8; compare Matt. 12:3, 4.

According to Leviticus 24:8, 9 the shewbread removed from the

sacred table every Sabbath was to be eaten by the priests. Up to this

point David's record had been flawless. Faced with the violent fury of

Lesson 7

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February 16

Saul and the pain of separation from his family and beloved friend

Jonathan, David resorted to deception and duplicity. He who had so gal-

lantly taken the sword from Goliath, while trusting God to win the

battle, now wanted that same sword to defend himself.

Jesus did not condone David's deception, but He defended the action of

the priest in giving shewbread to hungry men. In doing this Ahimelech

broke no moral law. God placed human need above the commands of the

ceremonial law. In the same way, Jesus placed the physical needs of His

disciples above the man-made laws that forbade them to pluck ears of

grain on the Sabbath day.

Review the incident at Gath, David's second mistake. 1 Sam.

21:10-15. David wrote Psalm 34 as a result of this sad and embar-

rassing experience. What lessons that David might have learned

are suggested in this Psalm?

Verse 4



Verses 9, 10



Verses 13, 14



Verses 17-19



Verse 22



"He believed in God, he went in His name. But as he had been hunted

and persecuted, perplexity and distress had nearly hidden his heavenly

Father from his sight.

"Yet this experience was serving to teach David wisdom; for it led him

to realize his weakness and the necessity of constant dependence upon

God. Oh, how precious is the sweet influence of the Spirit of God as it

comes

depressed or despairing souls, encouraging the fainthearted,

strengthening the feeble, and imparting courage and help to the tried serv-

ants of the Lord! Oh, what a God is ours, who deals gently with the erring

and manifests His patience and tenderness in adversity, and when we are

overwhelmed with some great

sorrow!"—Patriarchs and Prophets,

657.

Why is it never necessary to resort to dishonesty as a means of pro-

tecting ourselves? If God was able to protect David from Goliath,

could He not as easily have sheltered him from Saul?

II. TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES (1 Sam. 22:6-23).

How did Saul learn of David's visit to the priest at Nob? 1 Sam.

21:7; 22:6-10.

What false accusations did Saul make to Ahimelech the priest?

A Hunted Fugitive and a Mad King



February 16

1 Sam. 22:11-13. How did Ahimelech defend himself? Verses 14,

15.

David's dishonest report to Ahimelech resulted in tragedy for the high

priest and his assistant priests. "Had the facts been plainly stated,

Ahimelech would have known what course to pursue to preserve his life.

God requires that truthfulness shall mark His people, even in the greatest

peril."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 656.

MON

5. Who was ordered to carry out the king's violent command, when

the guards refused? What were the consequences? 1 Sam. 22:17-

19. What was David's response when he learned of the tragedy?

Verse 22. Read David's description of Doeg the Edomite in Psalm

52.

Not much is known concerning Nob. It was the place where the taber-

nacle was located after the destruction of Shiloh. The terrible massacre of

the priests and the city's inhabitants probably ended the sacred services

there, thus paving the way for Jerusalem to become the home of the ark

and the tabernacle.

Are you willing to admit the dire consequences of your sin as David

did?

This was a major difference between David and Saul. God forgives

and overrules our mistakes when we are willing to confess and repent.

Like David, sometimes we must live repentantly with the consequences.

HI. DAVID A FUGITIVE (1 Sam. 22:1-5; 23:1-28).

6. Following the incident at Gath, where did David go next? Whom

did he take with him? What does this account tell us about Da-

vid's family relationships? 1 Sam. 22:1-5.

In a sense David was now a desperado. Finding refuge in the Judean

wilderness, he was joined by others who wanted to escape the oppressive

ruler and form a small kingdom of their own.

The caring spirit of David for his parents says much about his character.

Evidently the jealousy of his brothers in earlier days had given way to ac-

ceptance and support, as they realized that David was to be the next ruler

in Israel. Perhaps the words of Psalm 133:1 were inspired during this time:

"Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in

unity!" (See

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 658.)

In his distress at being a fugitive, David cried out, "How long, 0 Lord?

Will You forget me forever? How long will You hide Your face from me?

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily?

How long will my enemy be exalted over me?" (Ps. 13:1, 2, NKJV).

Lesson 7

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February 16

He looked forward to the time when the Lord would say, " 'I will arise,

. . . I will set him in the safety for which he yearns' " (Ps. 12:5, NKJV).

The Psalms of Lament. A

substantial number of the psalms, known as

laments, are prayers of complaint and supplication. Some of David's

psalms identify the circumstances or occasion when they were composed.

Many of them were no doubt written during this time of his life, when he

was a fugitive fleeing from a mad king.

The structure of a lament usually follows a general pattern of (a) ad-

dressing God with a cry for help, (b) the complaint, (c) a confession of

trust, (d) a petition, (e) a vow of praise.

7. Read Psalms 54 and 57, noting the superscriptions. Find the ele-

ments of a lament in each of these psalms. (Not necessarily in the

order given below).

A cry for help



The complaint



A confession of trust



Petition



Praise to God



Martin Luther once said that persecuted saints can best understand the

psalms. It is easy enough to shout glibly God's praises when all goes well

and we have enjoyed His blessings and favors. But faith born in crisis and

tested in the fiery crucible of adversity shines the brightest and sings His

praises the loudest.

(Psalm 11 was sung and possibly even composed while David was hid-

ing in the Wilderness of Ziph. See

Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 660, 661.)

As you look back can you understand better why the Lord led you

as He did, even though at the time of your hardships you felt forsaken?

IV. THE DEATH OF SAMUEL (1 Sam. 25:1).

For a short time there was a temporary reconciliation between David

and Saul. (This will be considered in next week's lesson.) After the death

of Samuel, David once more fled to the Wilderness of Paran. (1 Sam.

25:1.)

The effect of Samuel's death.

The death of Samuel the prophet was a

tragic loss to the nation. As founder and president of the schools of the

prophets, he had wielded a more powerful influence than Saul. The people

had come to see that their insistence on having a king had been a mistake,

but Samuel's ministry and intercession among them had given them a feel-

ing of security. Now their spiritual giant was gone. (See

Patriarchs and

Prophets,

pp. 663, 664.)

A Hunted Fugitive and a Mad King



February 16

David mourned deeply the death of his spiritual mentor. Another bond

of restraint on the mad king had been broken, and for David there was no

safety. Again he fled, this time to the Wilderness of Paran. Hiding in the

desolate wilds, he composed Psalm 121.

Read Psalm 121 prayerfully and meditatively with David's cir-

cumstances in mind. What would be the focus of your thinking

under such circumstances?

"The season of distress and anguish before us will require a faith that

can endure weariness, delay, and hunger—a faith that will not faint though

severely tried. . . . When waves of despair which no language can express

sweep over the suppliant, how few cling with unyielding faith to the prom-

ises of God."—The

Great Controversy,

p. 621.

V. THE INFLUENCE OF A GODLY WOMAN (1 Sam. 25:2-42).

How would you summarize briefly Nabal's occupation, status,

and personality? 1 Sam. 25:2, 3.

10.

By contrast, what qualities did Abigail possess? 1 Sam. 25:3.

Though living with a cantankerous man, Abigail revealed the inner

beauty of a Spirit-filled life. She had not allowed her husband's behavior

to tarnish her charm and courtesy. Her influence, like the fragrance of a

flower, breathed out kindness, peace, and piety.

11.

What circumstances led to David's planned attack on Nabal?

1 Sam. 25:4-13.

Hospitality was and still is an obligation in the East. In addition, sheep-

shearing time was a kind of harvest festival. Gift giving was in order.

Nabal's refusal to provide supplies for David's men, by the culture of the

time, was an insult, and a defiance of common courtesy.

Nabal's feigned ignorance of David (1 Sam. 25:10) evidenced his rude

and hostile spirit. David and his men must have been well-known by now.

They were appreciated by Nabal's servants (verses 14-16). Later Abigail

revealed that she knew of David's circumstances (verse 28).

David could have lost the throne.

This, of course, did not excuse

David's rash response. "One violent attack by David on a well-known

Judaean citizen would almost certainly have cost him the throne, and

might well have led to his instant betrayal to Saul. So prudence as well as

WED

Lesson 7

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February 16

morality suggested that David should have swallowed the insults. Anger,

however justifiable, nearly always leads to overreaction."—David F.

Payne, / &

// Samuel,

p. 130, 131.

12. What was Abigail's immediate response? 1 Sam. 25:18-23.

Abigail was not only wise and beautiful; she was also a woman of

action. Most women, living with a man like Nabal, might easily have

been intimidated and fearful. But Abigail showed great courage and ini-

tiative, first in assuming the responsibility of speaking for her husband,

and second by risking her safety in fearlessly going to meet David and

his men.

13. What was Abigail's request when she met David? 1 Sam. 25:24-

31. (If possible, read verse 25 in some of the newer translations.)

Abigail's character

shines brightest in her willingness to bear her

husband's guilt. Abigail reflected the spirit of Jesus in being willing to be-

come a substitute for the sins of her wicked husband. " 'Please forgive the

trespass of your maidservant' " (1 Sam. 25:28, NKJV).

Abigail's plea

tactfully and wisely gave David two reasons why it was

not in his best interest to take vengeance on Nabal:

If David was fighting the battles of the Lord, God would take care of

his enemies for him (1 Sam. 25:26, 28). Saul was making the mistake of

spending his energies in personal vendettas. David must not fall into that

same tragic trap.

David must not stain his record with the guilt of bloodshed (1 Sam.

25:31). The abuse of power had been Saul's downfall; now David was

about to make the same mistake.

14. What does David's response to Abigail's warning tell us about his

character? 1 Sam. 25:32-35.

This is the first instance in the account of David's life that reveals his

truly great spirit; the spirit of humility when he was censured or corrected.

When Saul was reproved he blamed, rationalized, and hid behind false

piety. David humbly recognized that God had used a deeply sensitive

woman to save him from making a tragic mistake.

15. What consequent events led to Abigail's becoming David's wife?

1 Sam. 25:36-42.

A Hunted Fugitive and a Mad King



February 16

While not condoning polygamy, (but "the times of . . . ignorance God

winked at" [Acts 17:30]), the Bible simply records what happened. David

suffered the bitter results of marrying many wives (see

Patriarchs and

Prophets,

p. 668). Even so, his marriage to Abigail probably showed more

wisdom and foresight than any of his other alliances. (See 1 Sam. 25:43,

44; compare 2 Sam. 3:14-16.) The influence of this godly woman could

not help but be a blessing to the future ruler of Israel. David's prestige

among the southern tribes would be enhanced by his marriage to Nabal's

wealthy widow.

AM I CAPABLE OF CRITICAL SELF-EXAMINATION?

•

Do I use deception and half-truths under duress, or do I keep to the

truth whatever the embarrassment to myself?

•

Does stress tend to bring me closer to other members of my family,

or does it drive us apart?

•

When I am beset by foreboding, whether because of circumstances or

because of deep inner fears, do I trust in the Lord for deliverance, or do I

lose faith and give in to discouragement?

•

Do I manifest a spirit of compassion toward hostile people, or do I

react in kind?

•

How do I accept censure or criticism? Do I tend to blame and ration-

alize, or do I humbly admit and confess my mistakes?

FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION:

Read from the chapters en-

titled "David a Fugitive" and "The Magnanimity of David" in

Patriarchs

and Prophets,

pp. 656-659, 663-668. Using a concordance, look for refer-

ences in Psalms for the words,

poor, needy,

and

oppressed.

SUMMARY:

David's life as a fugitive, running from an angry and unrea-

sonable king, helps us to appreciate his cries for help as recorded in the

psalms of lament. They are a source of comfort and encouragement for us

in times of trouble.

Lesson

February 17-23

How One Is Lost

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 1 Samuel 24:1-22; 26:1-2 Samuel 1:27.

MEMORY TEXT: "And David said to Abishai, Destroy him

not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the Lord's

anointed, and be guiltless?" (1 Samuel 26:9).

PROGRESSIVE DECLINE.

The unpardonable sin results from progres-

sive rejection of the Holy Spirit's conviction. The decline toward spiritual

ruin can be reversed by a positive response to the Lord's call to repentance.

OUTLINE:

The Magnanimous David (1 Sam. 24:1-22; 26:1-25).

II.

David's Deception (1 Sam. 27:1-28:2; 29:1-11).

III.

Tragedy at Ziklag (1 Sam. 30:1-31).

IV.

Saul Resorts to Witchcraft (1 Sam. 28:3-25).

Death of Saul and Jonathan (1 Sam. 31:1-13; 2 Sam. 1:1-27).

SALVATION BY GRACE REQUIRES A HUMAN RESPONSE.

This

week's study looks at the final tragic scenes of King Saul's life and his last

encounter with David. Although David was a man of war, his regard for

human life, especially in his relationship with Saul, shines out in the dark-

ness of the age in which he lived.

Why did Saul die a lost man? What leads to one being lost for eternity?

There are two factors involved in salvation: (a) Christ's work in the heart

of the sinner; (b) the sinner's choice of God's saving work—his determina-

tion to depend on divine grace for power to live according to God's law.

The Lord was as much concerned to save Saul from sin as He is concerned

to save every human being. (See 2 Peter 3:9.) Did the Lord bring sufficient

conviction to the heart of Saul? The answer is obvious. Did Saul respond

appropriately? This lesson presents the answer.

I. THE MAGNANIMOUS DAVID (1 Sam. 24:1-22; 26:1-25).

Because of the similarity of the two occasions on which David spared

Saul, let us consider them together. In both instances Saul was given evi-

dence beyond the shadow of doubt as to David's innocence of intent. In

each case Saul's repentance was short-lived. So long had he catered to his

depraved emotions that he seemed incapable of responding to reason.

1. Read the story of David's encounter with Saul in 1 Samuel 24,

noting the location and circumstances. How did David prove to

SAB

How One Is Lost



February 23

Saul that he meant him no harm? Verse 4. What was David's

reaction to his own action? Verses 5-7.

David and his six hundred men, hiding in the rugged rocks and caves

near En-gedi, were no match for Saul's force of three thousand men. Ironi-

cally, Saul chose the very cave where David was hiding. Coming alone to

attend to his personal needs, his eyes accustomed to the bright sunshine, he

would not be able to see David and his men. But David's followers saw

him, and were sure this was the opportunity they had been waiting for.

If David's anger and bitterness over Saul's treatment tempted him to

take advantage of the situation, his deep regard for the Lord's anointed re-

strained him. "His conscience smote him afterward, because he had even

marred the garment of the

king."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 661.

How did David address Saul? 1 Sam. 24:11. What was Saul's

response? Verse 16.

Saul was David's father-in-law, though by the second time David

spared his life, Michal had been given to another man (1 Sam. 25:44). No-

tice the record in 1 Samuel 26:17 that David addressed him as king instead

of father.

With what figures from nature did David try to show Saul the ab-

surdity of his continuing pursuit? 1 Sam. 24:14; 26:20.

David's implication was clear.

Saul had been virtually wasting his

time hunting David, as if picking for a flea, when the real enemy, the Phil-

istines, were encroaching on Israel's borders at an alarming rate.

David's reference to the hunted partridge is poignant. Related to the

quail, and about its size, the sand partridge found in the wilderness region

west of the Dead Sea is a fast runner, and can jump from rock to rock.

Sometimes it runs so fast that it becomes exhausted and can be easily over-

taken.

David longed for the hunt to be over.

He longed for reconciliation

with Saul. He was tired of running. Fear overwhelmed him at times. (See

Ps. 64:1; 142:3.)

The fear of the enemy who dogged his every move was perhaps more

devastating than the enemy himself. David well knew that Saul's kind

words addressed to him under the emotion of the moment would not sur-

vive the king's malicious intent. No wonder he prayed in Psalm 64:1 to be

delivered from the "fear of the enemy."

After declaring that David was to be his successor, what promise

did Saul ask David to make? 1 Sam. 24:20-22.

Lesson 8



February 23

Compare the following points in the story recorded in 1 Samuel 26:

Place of encounter (vs. 5-7)



Who wanted to kill Saul (v. 8)



David's response (vs. 9, 11)



Method of disclosure (vs. 12-16)



Saul's response (vs. 21, 25)



David's tender conscience dictated to him "that no man has the right to

attack a leader chosen and anointed by God, however wrong or ill-advised

his actions."—David F. Payne,

I & 11 Samuel,

p. 137.

What final appeal did David make to Saul? 1 Sam. 26:24.

These may have been the last words ever spoken between the two men.

David's regard for the sacredness of life was the result of his close rela-

tionship with God. (See Ps. 8:4-8.) When he temporarily lost that rela-

tionship, he lost his regard for human life. This fact is illustrated by the

next episode in David's life.

How do you act when you have an opportunity to destroy an

enemy's reputation? Are your words and actions at such a time

directed by Jesus' counsel (Matt. 5:43-45), or by your own desire for

revenge? How can a vengeful spirit be overcome?

II. DAVID'S DECEPTION (1 Sam. 27:1-28:2; 29:1-11).

Following his last encounter with Saul, what was David's next

move? What motivated him to this strange decision, and with what

results? 1 Sam. 27:1-7.

David and his men must have grown weary of constant movement from

place to place. The tension of his exile existence finally got the best of

him. Without counsel from God, he once more headed for Gath, where he

would be out of the jurisdiction of Saul. By fleeing to his people's worst

enemies for protection David not only was making himself vulnerable but

also was exposing the weakness of his own people, a decision he would

live to regret.

How did David deceive Achish? 1 Sam. 27:8-12.

MON

How One Is Lost



February 23

Achish probably gave David the city of Ziklag on the condition that

David would act as a kind of mercenary for the Philistines, raiding the

towns and cities of Israel and bringing the booty back to Achish. In truth,

David was actually helping his own people by destroying their hated ene-

mies, the Amalekites and other nomad peoples. He hoped that by destroy-

ing every person, he could keep word of his deception from getting back to

Achish.

Meanwhile, the Philistines prepared for battle against David's people.

So trusting was Achish of David that he never doubted his military sup-

port. The famous poet Sir Walter Scott wrote, "0, what a tangled web we

weave, when first we practice to deceive."

How did the Lord work to extricate David from his dilemma of

having to fight against his own people? 1 Sam. 29:1-11. Try to

imagine the range of emotions David must have experienced

during this ordeal.

David had made a serious blunder that almost cost him the throne. Had

he gone to war against his own people he certainly could not have become

their king. What would he do now?

God looks at the heart and sees what no human can see. He knew that,

although David's faith had staggered, causing him to stumble away from

God's purpose, yet in his heart he still wanted to be true to God. He could

say:

Lord, do not rebuke me in Your anger. . . . Have mercy on me, . . .

for I am weak. . . . Return,

Lord, deliver me! Oh, save me for Your mer-

cies' sake!" (Ps. 6:1-4, NKJV).

What does the above story indicate about the mercy and forgive-

ness of God?

III. TRAGEDY AT ZIKLAG (1 Sam. 30:1-31).

David and his men had traveled north to join the Philistine forces at

Aphek. On their return they found that the Amalekites had invaded Ziklag,

burning it to the ground and taking the women and children captive.

10.

What was David's reaction? What was the reaction of his men?

Where did he turn for help? 1 Sam. 30:4-8.

David's folly had caught up with him. One bad decision had led to

another. Now he stood horrified to think that all he held dear in life was

gone. His followers, in the heat of rage and grief, were ready to stone him.

In his extremity "David strengthened himself in the Lord his God"

(1 Sam. 30:6, NKJV).

11.

Who gave David counsel as to the course he should pursue?

1 Sam. 30:7. With what results? Verses 9-20.

Lesson 8



February 23

12. What debate arose over the division of the spoil? 1 Sam. 30:21,

22. How did David settle the matter? Verses 23-31.

Here David's unselfish spirit is clearly seen. Not only would those who

had stayed by the stuff ("guard the equipment," verse 24, TLB) receive

their fair share, but David took this opportunity to send gifts to the elders

in Judah and the many other people who had befriended him in his

wanderings.

IV. SAUL RESORTS TO WITCHCRAFT (1 Sam. 28:3-25).

The scene changes. While Saul had hunted his "flea," David, the Phil-

istines had been planning their strategy. Up to now most of their battles

had been fought in hilly or mountainous areas where the Israelites would

have the advantage. The Philistines' superior weapons, especially their

chariots, could be used to best advantage on level ground. Thus their thrust

now was farther north in the broad Valley of Jezreel, the only place in

Palestine where it is possible to reach the River Jordan from the coastal

plain without having to cross mountains.

Saul was in a panic. He prepared to meet the Philistine hosts, knowing

that David himself might be among them. Frightened, like so many re-

jecters of God, he sought His aid when all else seemed to fail. But God did

not answer him.

WED

13. What three methods of seeking God's will did Saul explore?

1 Sam. 28:6.

Saul had alienated himself from God. "The king had by his own act

forfeited the benefits of all the methods of inquiring of God. He had re-

jected the counsel of Samuel the prophet; he had exiled David, the chosen

of God; he had slain the priests of the Lord. Could he expect to be an-

swered by God when he had cut off the channels of communication that

Heaven had ordained? He had sinned away the Spirit of grace, and could

he be answered by dreams and revelations from the Lord? Saul did not turn

to God with humility and repentance. It was not pardon for sin, and recon-

ciliation with God, that he sought, but deliverance from his foes. By his

own stubbornness and rebellion he had cut himself off from

God."—Patri-

archs and Prophets,

p. 676.

14.

What are your reactions to Saul's encounter with the witch at

Endor? 1 Sam. 28:7-14. What were the results? Verses 15-20.

15.

What law that Saul himself had enforced was he now breaking?

Lev. 20:27 (compare Deut. 18:9-14; 1 Sam. 28:3, 9).

How One Is Lost



February 23

Those who suppose that God spoke through the real Samuel on this oc-

casion overlook several important points. Would God refuse communica-

tion with Saul through His ordained channels, and use instead a channel

that God Himself had condemned and for which He had ordered the death

penalty for those using it?

Sorcery, witchcraft, and communication with the dead were the basis of

most of the heathen religions in Israel's day. The deification and worship

of the dead prompted God's severest judgments: "Because of these abom-

inations the Lord your God drives them out from before you" (Deut.

18:12, NKJV).

In his desperation to know the outcome of the impending crisis, Saul

now turned to a demon, parading in the form of the aged prophet. The mes-

sage of denunciation and retribution goaded Saul on to his final ruin and

death.

"By consulting that spirit of darkness, Saul had destroyed himself.

Oppressed by the horror of despair, it would be impossible for him to in-

spire his army with courage. . . . Thus the prediction of evil would work its

own accomplishment."—Patriarchs

and Prophets,

p. 681.

V. DEATH OF SAUL AND JONATHAN (1 Sam. 31:1-13; 2 Sam.

1:1-27).

16.

Recount the tragic story of Saul's death. 1 Sam. 31:1-10.

Saul saw his three brave sons fall before him in battle. Now wounded

by the archers and unable to fight or flee, and determined not to be taken

alive by the enemy, Saul took his own life. "His life had been a failure,

and he went down in dishonor and despair, because he had set up his own

perverse will against the will of

God."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 682.

17.

How did the men of Jabesh-gilead show their last respects to the

king who had at one time saved them? 1 Sam. 31:11-13.

18.

How did David learn about the death of Saul and Jonathan?

2 Sam. 1:1-10. What happened to the young man who claimed to

have speared Saul? Verses 13-16.

Once more David showed his deep respect for the Lord's anointed. Al-

though he had been hated and hunted by Saul, David never lost reverence

for Saul's position as Israel's king.

19.

How did David react to the news of the death of Saul and

Jonathan? 2 Sam. 1:11, 12, 17. Read the "Song of the Bow,"

which David wrote in honor of their death (verses 19-27). What

does this song reveal about David's spirit?

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Lesson 8



February 23

David's genuine grief at the death of Saul and Jonathan gives evidence

of a truly generous and compassionate nature. Perhaps because he himself

so often had been the recipient of God's forgiveness he had the capacity to

forgive the one who had made his life miserable and sometimes almost un-

bearable. It was this dimension of David's life that at least in part made

him a man after God's own heart, and a type of Christ, who a thousand

years later would forgive those who put Him to death.

EVALUATE AND DISCUSS:

•

Who are the Lord's anointed in our present day?

•

What should be our attitude toward leaders in the church, even when

we disagree with them?

•

How should we relate to leaders in the church who obviously are not

acting in harmony with God's will? Is there a difference between refusing

to destroy the Lord's anointed and pointing out error and wrongdoing

when it arises? (See 1 Sam. 24:6; compare 1 Tim. 5:19.)

•

Is it possible for us to be preoccupied with hunting "personal par-

tridges" while ignoring or neglecting to guard against the real enemy?

FURTHER STUDY AND MEDITATION: Read

Patriarchs and Proph-

ets,

pp. 668-696, the chapters entitled, "The Magnanimity of David,"

"The Death of Saul," "Ancient and Modern Sorcery," "David at Zik-

lag." Read the account in 1 Chronicles 10 of Saul's death, noting espe-

cially verses 13 and 14.

SUMMARY: Although David made serious mistakes, he never lost his

implicit trust in God's providential leadings. King Saul, on the other hand,

having lost his faith and his desire to repent, took one wrong step after

another. Even when he momentarily had better impulses, he failed to turn

his heart to God. His tragic life stands as a warning against stubbornly set-

ting our will against the will of God.

Is Christ the center of your financial life?

Remember the South Pacific Division this quarter.

Lesson

February 24—March 2

God Prospers the

Righteous

THIS WEEK'S STUDY: 2 Samuel 2:1-5:25; 6:16-23; 8; 9; 10.

SAB

MEMORY TEXT: "Shew me thy

ways,

0 Lord; teach my thy

paths. Lead me in thy truth, and teach me: for thou art the God

of my salvation; on thee do I wait all the day" (Psalm 25:4, 5).

GOD'S PURPOSES WILL BE FULFILLED.

There is nothing that

Satan and wicked people can do to prevent the fulfillment of God's plans

for those who put their trust in Him.

OUTLINE:

David Anointed King (2 Sam. 2:1-7, 11).

II.

Conspiracy, Treachery, and Revenge (2 Sam. 2:8-4:12).

III.

From Hebron to Jerusalem (2 Sam. 5:1-10, 17-25).

IV.

David's Family (2 Sam. 3:2-5, 12-16; 5:13-16; 6:20-23).

Victory Over Enemies (2 Sam. 8:1-14; 10:1-19).

VI.

David's Righteous Rule (2 Sam. 8:15-9:13).

A TIME OF TRANSITION.

With the death of Saul, the way was now

clear for David to return to his homeland. Although he believed that God

had chosen him to be the next king of Israel, David exercised caution and

deliberation. He had to overcome the influence of Saul's persistent hostil-

ity toward him before he could win the allegiance of all the tribes. He also

had to overcome the prejudice against him created by his sixteen months in

Gath, which could have alienated his own brethren in Judah. The challenge

before him required great wisdom and understanding, and above all, divine

guidance.

David chose to follow the principle God uses in resolving the great

cosmic controversy—that of wooing His subjects' allegiance. He wins us

by friendship and love.

I. DAVID ANOINTED KING (2 Sam. 2:1-7, 11).

1. After the days of mourning for Saul were over, where did David

turn before making any moves? 2 Sam. 2:1.

One of the things that must have endeared David to his God was his

eagerness to know and to do His will. This theme can be seen in David's

Lesson 9



March 2

psalms: "Make me to know thy ways, 0 Lord; teach me thy paths. Lead

me in thy truth, and teach me, for thou art the God of my salvation; for

thee I wait all the day long" (Ps. 25:4, 5, RSV; compare 5:8; 27:11;

119:33.)

2. What instructions did David receive? And with what results?

2 Sam. 2:1-4.

David showed great skill and diplomacy by going to the men of Judah,

his own people, who readily made him their king. Had he tried initially to

win all Israel he well might have ruined his chances for reigning over a

united Israel.

iii 3. What was David's first official act as Judah's new king? 2 Sam.

2:5-7.

In spite of Saul's hatred and conduct toward him, David manifested a

genuine love for the king. Possibly his earliest experiences in playing his

harp for Saul had left an indelible tenderness and respect that he never lost.

Perhaps his respect was born of insight into God's love, which gave him

the ability to love his enemy. Showing his last respects for the house of

Saul by honoring the men of Jabesh-gilead, David won the confidence of

his countrymen.

Ask yourself:

Do I manifest big-hearted forgiveness for my enemies

before and after they have fallen? Do I make attempts to draw people to

myself and to the Lord by a spirit of love and conciliation?

II. CONSPIRACY, TREACHERY, AND REVENGE (2 Sam. 2:8-

4:12).

While David was taking the reins at Hebron, Abner, Saul's army

general, determined to take control of the nation. Three of Saul's sons had

been slain in battle; only his youngest son, Ishbosheth, survived.

No doubt Abner was harboring bitterness over David's rebuke when he

found Saul sleeping and took his water cruse and spear. (See 1 Sam. 26:13-

16.) No doubt also Abner's personal ambition led him to support the weak

Ishbosheth.

What events took place as a result of Ishbosheth's becoming king

over the northern tribes? 2 Sam. 2:12-32.

Why did Abner desert to David? What were the consequences?

2 Sam. 3:6-27. How did David's response to this treachery affect

the people? Verses 31-39.

God Prospers the Righteous



March 2

Distressed by the conduct of the abrasive Joab, David confided, "I am

weak today, though anointed king" (2 Sam. 3:39, NKJV). Because of

Joab's power and influence, and because David's own position was barely

established, David had few options for dealing with this delicate situation.

He left revenge for the crime to the Lord. (See also

Ps. 94:1.)

6. How did David show his disdain for the bloody crime that paved

the way for him to become king over all of Israel? 2 Sam. 4:9-12.

The events of the early days of David's reign demonstrate the depravity

of the human heart when it separates from God. David had clearly shown

that he did not approve or desire treachery to establish his kingdom. His

tact and diplomacy in handling crises had won the hearts of the people.

The leaders of Israel now agreed that they needed a strong spiritual

monarch. And David was their man!

III. FROM HEBRON TO JERUSALEM (2 Sam. 5:1-10, 17-25).

7. What three reasons did the elders of Israel give for choosing David

as their new king? 2 Sam. 5:1-3.



The coronation at Hebron was the third anointing for David. Samuel the

prophet had anointed him at Bethlehem when he unfolded God's plan to

him. The people of Judah had anointed him several years earlier. Now,

without force or coercion, David became king of a united Israel. "The rev-

olution was quiet and dignified, befitting the great work they were

doing."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 701.

David a type of Christ.

God had appointed David as the shepherd of

His people. (See 2 Sam. 5:2.) David's reign was to foreshadow the com-

ing Messiah. David the shepherd, now shepherd of God's flock, was a type

of the "Good Shepherd" to come. (See John 10:11; Isa. 40:11). David had

won the throne through suffering, sorrow, exile, and rejection. The Mes-

siah would win His throne by coming to earth to take on Him the suffer-

ings and sins of His people. (See Isa. 53:3-7.)

8. What incentive did David hold out to anyone who would defeat the

Jebusites? Who accepted his challenge, and how did he do it?

1 Chron. 11:6 (compare 2 Sam. 5:6-9).

A new capital.

One of the first acts of David as the king of the united

Lesson 9



March 2

realm was to seek a more appropriate location for his throne. Hebron, in

the far south of Israel was an important center in Judah. David, wise states-

man that he was, felt that the capital should be located nearer the other ten

tribes. Situated between the borders of Judah and Benjamin, Jerusalem

would be a strategic location and a political asset to the new united king-

dom. The city of Jerusalem had a long history, dating back as far as the

third millennium B.C. (See Heb. 7:1, 2; Joshua 15:63; Judges 1:21.) It be-

came the type or analogy of the great heavenly Jerusalem in which Christ

will reign with His redeemed people. (See Rev. 21:2.)

How David captured Jerusalem.

"To bring water into the city from

the spring Gihon, which was without the city gates, the Jebusites had cut a

conduit some 60 ft. through the rock to a place where the water was col-

lected in a reservoir. This, in turn, was connected by a 40 ft. vertical shaft

with the foot of a stairway or ramp that led into the city. Women in the city

would descend to the top of the shaft, drop their buckets into the cistern,

and thus secure water without the necessity of venturing outside the city.

By making one's way through the watercourse and up the shaft, it might be

possible to enter the Jebusite capital. . . .

After an entrance into the city had been gained, it would probably be a

comparatively easy task to open the gates to the main body of David's

forces, since, perhaps, only a small force of defenders would be on the city

walls."—SDA

Bible Commentary,

vol. 2, p. 620.

According to 2 Samuel 5:10, what was the secret of David's suc-

cess as Israel's shepherd? Compare 1 Chron. 11:9. Read Psalm

20 in this setting, noting particularly verses 5, 7.

10.

What did David do before going to battle with the Philistines?

2 Sam. 5:19, 22, 23. With what results? Verses 20, 25.

The spiritual message.

Jesus emphasized the spiritual lesson that

David's success illustrated. "If you abide in me, and my words abide in

you, ask whatever you will, and it shall be done for you" (John 15:7,

RSV).

IV. DAVID'S FAMILY (2 Sam. 3:2-5, 12-16; 5:13-16; 6:20-23).

One of the evidences of the authenticity of Scripture is its frank honesty

even when describing its heroes. For all of David's greatness and ad-

mirable virtues, he also had weaknesses. Nowhere is this more evident than

in his family life.

11.

What is recorded regarding David's marriages and offspring?

2 Sam. 3:2-5.

God Prospers the Righteous



March 2

God had declared that kings were not to multiply wives, as was the cus-

tom among the surrounding nations. (See Deut. 17:17.) In those days a

king's prestige and power was often measured by the size of his harem. So

it is understandable, though certainly not defensible, why David (2 Sam.

5:13), and later Solomon (1 Kings 11:1), succumbed to the pressures of

their culture.

Polygamy inevitably brought confusion, jealousy, conflict, and heart-

ache. "The bitter result of marrying many wives was sorely felt throughout

all the life of

David."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

p. 668.

12.

Note David's attempt to recover his first wife, Michal, the

daughter of Saul. 2 Sam. 3:12-16. What was the unhappy ending

to David's relationship with her? 2 Sam. 6:20-23.

David's sense of awe and reverence before the sacred ark caused him to

lay aside his royal robes and attire himself in a plain linen ephod, such as

the priests wore. By this act he signified that he was taking his place

among his subjects as an equal. "Upon that day Jehovah was to be adored.

He was to be the sole object of

reverence."—Patriarchs and Prophets,

707. This was too much for the proud and cynical daughter of Saul. She

despised David's piety and humility that condemned not only herself, but

her father.

WED

V. VICTORY OVER ENEMIES (2 Sam. 8:1-14; 10:1-19).

13.

Read the account of David's victories over his enemies in

2 Samuel 8:1-12. List the nations he subdued.

"During Saul's reign, David had been on good terms with the king of

Moab, for he had sent his parents there (1 Samuel 22:30. David's own

great-grandmother, Ruth, had been a Moabitess (Ruth 4:130. So his con-

quest of Moab and his subsequent savage treatment of the Moabites

(2 Samuel 8:2) suggest that they must have broken faith with him in some

particularly treacherous fashion. We can only guess, but it is at least con-

ceivable that they took the opportunity to attack him when he was engaged

in the life-and-death struggle with the major foe, the Philistines." —David

F. Payne,

Kingdoms of the Lord

(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1981),

pp. 46, 47.

14.

What occasioned the insult to David's men by a former ally?

2 Sam. 10:1-5. What were the results? Verses 6-19.

This story gives us insight into the political condition of the times. The

various states in Syria-Palestine, engaging in a constant power struggle,

formed military alliances that often threatened Israel's existence as a na-

Lesson 9

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March 2

tion. They relied on their military prowess. David and his army relied on

the Lord of hosts.

"Through You we will push down our enemies; through Your

name we will trample those who rise up against us" (Ps. 44:5, NICJV;